Explore the interaction between industrial structure and ecosystem services in the Loess Plateau.

Adapting ecosystem restoration for sustainable development in a changing world

Ecosystem services play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and supporting socio-economic development. However, long-term human activities and climate change have led to severe ecosystem degradation and exacerbated soil erosion on the Loess Plateau. This study takes the Loess Plateau as a case study and using key models such as Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of five ecosystem services—water yield, habitat quality, windbreak and sand fixation, soil conservation, and net primary productivity (NPP)—from 2000 to 2020. Based on the land use types projected by the Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model for 2025 and 2030 under natural development, ecological protection, and cropland protection scenarios, the study simulates these five ecosystem services and the comprehensive ecosystem service index for the Loess Plateau in 2025 and 2030. Finally, an ecological risk assessment model based on the inverse transformation of ecosystem services is constructed to identify key ecological restoration areas on the Loess Plateau by 2030. The results indicate: (1) From 2000 to 2020, water yield, soil conservation services, and NPP on the Loess Plateau showed a significant increasing trend, The unit area sand fixation capacity displayed a spatial pattern of higher values in the Northwest and lower values in the Southeast, while soil conservation and NPP exhibited the opposite trend, with higher values in the Southeast and lower values in the Northwest. Water yield decreased from the Southeast to the Northwest. During this period, the comprehensive ecosystem service index of the Loess Plateau generally declines, but the balance and synchronicity of ecosystem services improve, with a reduction in regional disparities. (2) Different future scenarios have different effects on the regional pattern of ecosystem services and restoration. Among future scenarios, the ecological protection scenario is most conducive to enhancing comprehensive ecosystem services, reducing the proportion of medium- and high-priority restoration zones. The cropland protection scenario has the lowest proportion of general restoration zones, but local ecological risks increase. The findings of this study can provide a scientific basis for ecological restoration and land-use planning on the Loess Plateau, promoting the long-term stability and sustainable development of ecosystem services.

Under the dual pressures of rapid urban expansion and global climate change, ecological degradation and biodiversity loss have become major constraints on regional sustainable development. Focusing on the Jinsha River Basin, this study addresses these challenges by constructing an ecological security network and assessing its resilience. Specifically, using the InVEST model, we quantified four key ecosystem services for the period 2000–2023. We then applied the OWA multi-criteria decision-making model to develop seven risk scenarios, balance trade-offs among ecosystem services, identify integrated ecosystem service patterns, and determine priority conservation areas. Furthermore, based on circuit theory, we constructed resistance surfaces to identify ecological corridors and strategic nodes, thereby establishing a regional ecological network. Finally, complex network theory was used to simulate changes in connectivity robustness and vulnerability robustness under both targeted and random attack scenarios. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2023, construction land in the Jinsha River Basin expanded continuously, while forest and grassland areas increased significantly, contributing to improved ecological functions in the northern region. Habitat quality, carbon storage, and soil conservation capacity all showed upward trends, whereas water yield remained relatively stable, with only minor fluctuations driven by precipitation patterns. (2) Scenario 5 was identified as the optimal conservation scenario because it achieved the highest average conservation efficiency (1.6779) while maintaining a high level of trade-off coordination, thereby supporting the synergistic conservation of multiple ecosystem services. Under this scenario, the area of ecological source regions increased from 63,554.94 km² in 2000 to 69,436.25 km² in 2023, the number of ecological corridors rose from 306 to 380, and the network structure evolved from a locally fragmented pattern into a stable and fully connected system. (3) The ecological network of the Jinsha River Basin showed strong topological resilience to random attacks but remained highly vulnerable to targeted attacks, as the failure of core nodes could potentially lead to significant declines in network connectivity, approaching structural collapse. Although topological network resilience improved between 2000 and 2023, the system still depended heavily on a limited number of core hub patches. Overall, this study improved the identification of ecological sources through the OWA model, constructed an ecological network based on circuit theory, and evaluated its resilience using complex network theory. These efforts provide a scientific basis for ecological conservation and restoration in the Jinsha River Basin. Future research should further refine the parameter settings of the OWA model and incorporate a broader range of risk scenarios and external factors to enhance the scientific rigor and practical applicability of ecological network construction.

Since the Loess Plateau is a typical ecologically fragile area in China, it is crucial to investigate how land use/land cover and carbon stock change under various scenarios and the factors that influence these changes for the region's ecological protection and sustainable development. In this study, we coupled the PLUS-InVSET-Geodetector model to predict the land use and carbon stock of the Loess Plateau in 2040 based on four scenarios: natural development, ecological protection, water conservation, and economic development. We also examined the effects of various driving factors on the LUCC (land use/cover change) and carbon stock. The results show that the carbon stock in the Loess Plateau will increase under all four scenarios from 2020 to 2040, with the best sequestration effect under the natural development scenario, in which the carbon stock will increase by 1.9% compared with that in 2020; the spatial distribution pattern of carbon stock in the Loess Plateau will remain unchanged from 2000 to 2040, and the main influences of these factors are NDVI, precipitation and slope. According to the requirements of the “dual carbon” target, based on the prediction results, the best option for the Loess Plateau's future development is the natural development scenario.

<p indent="0mm">The Loess Plateau (LP) is a typical ecologically fragile area in China, with severe water shortage and soil erosion. Understanding the interactions between land use structure and ecological processes is the basis for effective soil and water conservation. Since the implementation of large-scale vegetation restoration programs, changes in carbon and water services, as well as trade-offs in these services have become a new scientific challenge in this region. A comprehensive analytical paradigm of “pattern–process–service” was developed by our research group to determine the ecological and environmental effects of land-use changes and support ecological restoration practices. First, by combining landscape pattern, ecological process, and scale, we studied the effects of land-use changes on soil moisture, nutrients, and erosion at multiple spatial scales of plot, transect, catchment, and region, and illustrated the mechanisms of the interactions between land-use structure and ecological processes in the LP systematically. These works have revealed the relationships among ecosystem structure, land-use structure, vegetation functional traits, vegetation biomass, ecological processes (e.g., hydrological processes and nutrient cycling) and ecosystem services. They have also identified the key roles of soil water content and understory plant diversity in ecosystem service maintenance in dryland ecosystems. Second, by linking ecological processes and ecosystem services, we studied the formation and interaction mechanisms of ecosystem services. A sediment attribution diagnostic method focusing on soil retention services was developed to diagnose the contributions of multiple factors to changes in the sediment loads of rivers. Application of this method quantitatively revealed the drivers (climate change, vegetation restoration, and ecological engineering) and mechanisms underlying the drastic reduction in the sediment load of the Yellow River over the past <sc>60 years.</sc> The trade-off between carbon sequestration and water yield was quantitatively revealed, and its temporal and spatial variations during vegetation restoration were detected. The threshold of forest restoration potential within the limit of annual precipitation, as well as the turning point from soil carbon source to soil carbon sink following farmland abandonment, was identified. By considering water consumption for both vegetation growth and socioeconomic uses, a quantitative coupling analysis framework for the sustainable use of water resources in the natural–social–economic system of the LP was constructed, and regional water-resource carrying capacities for vegetation restoration in the region under various scenarios were determined; the results suggest that current vegetation restoration is approaching sustainable water resource limits. Third, on the basis of an understanding of the relationships between ecosystem processes and services at multiple scales, a spatially explicit assessment and optimization tool for regional ecosystem services was developed to reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of ecosystem services on the LP, including water yield, soil retention, carbon sequestration, and grain production. By combining scenario analysis and ecosystem service quantification models with a spatial optimization algorithm, this new decision-supporting tool is capable of spatially optimizing multiple ecosystem services. This has contributed crucially to the advancement of integrated research into regional ecosystem services with the aim of quantifying, modeling, and supporting the rational planning and effective implementation of ecological projects. These findings have promoted the development of physical geography from qualitative structure description to quantitative process research. They have also led ecosystem services research into ecological processes and mechanisms and their comprehensive integration and have provided a key scientific basis for ecological restoration of the LP.

Ecosystem service assessment and prediction play a crucial role in sustainable regional development and resource management. Liaoning Province, as a typical representative of Northeast China, faces rapid development challenges such as urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural modernization. At the same time, there is an urgent need for a deeper understanding of the evolution trends of its ecosystems and their impact on ecosystem services. This study employed the InVEST-Markov-PLUS model to conduct simulated research on the assessment of past and future ecosystem services and multi-scenario predictions in Liaoning Province. Based on the land-use changes in Liaoning Province from 2000 to 2020, the InVEST model was used to evaluate the spatiotemporal variations in carbon storage, soil conservation, and water yield in the ecosystem services from 2000 to 2020. Additionally, the equivalent factor method was employed to calculate the value of ecosystem services in Liaoning Province during the same period. Furthermore, by integrating the PLUS and Markov models with the actual conditions of Liaoning Province, four land-use development scenarios for 2030 were constructed, including natural development, economic priority, ecological protection, and cropland protection. The land-use distribution and the quantities and values of ecosystem services under these scenarios were simulated. The study revealed the following findings： ① From 2000 to 2020, carbon storage and soil retention in Liaoning Province showed an overall increasing trend, whereas water yield exhibited a fluctuating decrease trend initially, followed by an increase and then another decrease. ② Carbon storage and soil retention in Liaoning Province showed higher values in the eastern mountainous areas and western hilly regions, with lower values in the central region. Water yield showed a decreasing trend from east to west. ③ The value of ecosystem services increased from 547.94 billion yuan to 565.53 billion yuan, with a total increase of 17.58 billion yuan during the study period. All four types of services showed an increase, with cultural services experiencing the fastest change. ④ In 2030, carbon storage and soil retention in Liaoning Province decreased in all scenarios except for in the ecological protection scenario. Water yield increased only in the cropland protection scenario, whereas it decreased in the other three scenarios. The value of ecosystem services in the study area increased in all scenarios except for in the economic priority scenario.

A healthy rural ecosystem ensures a win–win situation for both economic growth and ecological conservation. However, the impact of land use changes at the rural level on ecosystem health remains unclear. This study focuses on the rural scale of Zheng–Bian–Luo, analyzing changes in land use from 2000 to 2020. Using the “Ecosystem Vigor-Organization-Resilience-Services” model, the study evaluates the spatiotemporal patterns of ecosystem health. The Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model was employed to simulate land use and ecosystem health in 2035 under three scenarios: Natural Development (ND), Ecological Protection (EP), and Cropland Protection (CP). The findings are as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the area of cultivated land in Zheng–Bian–Luo rural areas decreased, and the area of forest land first decreased and then increased. (2) During the study period, ecosystem health improved as ecosystem vigor, organization, and services increased. Low-value areas of ecosystem health showed a shrinking trend, most notably in Kaifeng. (3) By 2035, under the EP scenario, forest land increased by 76.794 km2, while it decreased under the CP and ND scenarios. Construction land showed an increasing trend in all three scenarios, with the ND scenario seeing the largest increase of 718.007 km2. (4) In 2035, ecosystem health is projected to decline under the ND scenario due to reduced forest land and increased construction land. The CP scenario showed no significant change in ecosystem health, but the southwestern rural areas of Luoyang improved. The EP scenario saw an overall increase in ecosystem health, highlighting land use optimization as beneficial. Local governments are encouraged to create ecological protection plans balancing ecological and cultivated land protection, focusing on sensitive areas such as the Songshan region and southwestern mountainous areas of Luoyang for coordinated development.

Global climate change and economic growth have altered land use structures， impacting ecosystem services and spatial distributions. The Southeast Yunnan karst region， with its fragile ecological environment and diverse land use types， has become a focal area of research. Utilizing multi-scenario simulations， this study evaluates the impacts of future land use changes on ecosystem services and optimizes the ecological network， aiming to provide scientific guidance for regional ecological protection and sustainable development. Taking the Southeast Yunnan karst regions as the study area， land use data from 2000 to 2020 was analyzed. The Patch-generating Land Use Simulation （PLUS） model was employed to simulate land use patterns under three future scenarios for 2035： SSP126 （sustainable development）， SSP245 （natural growth）， and SSP585 （urban expansion）. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs （InVEST） model was used to assess typical regional ecosystem services， and the spatial and temporal dynamics of ecological networks under different scenarios were analyzed. The results indicated that： ① The primary land use types in the Southeast Yunnan karst region were forests， croplands， and grasslands. From 2000 to 2020， the land use transfer area was 6 002.55 km2， with significant transfers among forests， grasslands， and croplands. By 2035， land use changes were projected to exhibit significant differences in intensity and pattern under the different scenarios. ② Compared with 2020， water yield and soil retention were projected to increase by 20 135 under all three scenarios， whereas habitat quality and carbon storage were expected to decline. The SSP126 scenario showed the highest gains in water yield and soil retention， with the least losses in habitat quality and carbon storage compared to those in the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios. ③ Ecological source areas were mainly concentrated in the eastern and southern regions of Southeast Yunnan， with ecological networks predominantly oriented east-west. By 2035， the area of ecological source regions is expected to increase across all scenarios， enhancing the complexity and connectivity of the ecological network. ④ Future strategies should be based on the "one screen， three belts， and multiple nodes" optimization approach， implementing targeted ecological engineering projects to strengthen east-west corridors and develop north-south corridors. These findings provide scientific recommendations for ecological protection optimization and territorial spatial governance in the karst area of Southeast Yunnan.

The escalating conflict between ecosystem degradation and the rising demands of humanity has rendered the attainment of a scientific balance between ecosystem services and human well-being a critical concern in research on human–environment coupling and sustainable development. Metropolitan areas are pivotal in long-term sustainable development strategies and regional equity due to rapid urbanization and the tension between ecosystem degradation and human well-being. This study proposes a novel perspective, transitioning from a “cascade” to a “coupling” approach in examining the relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being. Taking the Xi’an metropolitan area as the research subject, the research employs a coupling coordination degree model to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of their relationship across multiple scales. The key findings of the paper are as follows: (1) We found a severe shrinkage in the ecosystem service value (2000–2020). The ecosystem services in the Xi’an metropolitan area were significantly compromised under the pressure of homogenized human well-being improvement, resulting in weak coupling and coordination between the two. (2) There was a spatial imbalance between supply and demand. Ecosystem service values displayed a core-to-periphery increasing spatial pattern, while human well-being levels exhibited a core-to-periphery decreasing distribution, indicating a marked spatial mismatch. (3) Diverse coupling dynamics within the region were identified. Driven by factors such as the resource distribution, land use, scale effects, and benefit allocation, the coupling relationships between ecosystem services and human well-being varied across development stages and contexts. Ecosystem services functioned as either flexible facilitators or constraints on human well-being improvement. This research provides a blueprint for sustainable development, offering a framework to balance urban growth with ecological health while ensuring equitable well-being across the Xi’an metropolitan area. The study highlights the need for strict ecological space protection, enhanced urban development quality, and integrated human–environment system management. Efforts should focus on minimizing land use trade-offs and spatial competition, strengthening spatial synergy in supply–demand coupling, and promoting sustainable regional development.

Assessing and appropriately managing the ecosystem health of urban agglomerations are significant for safeguarding regional ecological security and sustainable development. From a spatiotemporal dynamic perspective, with the Poyang Lake urban agglomeration as a case, this study established a ‘Vigour–Organisation–Resilience–Service’ framework to assess ecosystem health, analysed spatiotemporal characteristics, identified key driving factors and their interactions contributing to spatial differentiation and ultimately adopted a ‘level–type’ zoning control strategy. The results show that: (1) From 2005 to 2022, the natural ecosystem health index declined in 14.70% of the region, with a central concentration of low values in the Poyang Lake area. The ecosystem service index decreased in 11.10% of the region but remained high in the Poyang Lake area. Varying degrees of positive spatial spillover effects were observed for both indices. (2) The average regional comprehensive ecosystem health index was 0.2914, with an overall downward trend. In the urban agglomeration, the comprehensive ecosystem health index remained stable in 78.18% of the total area, indicating a notable ‘polarisation’ in health levels among different areas. (3) Socioeconomic factors significantly influence ecosystem health in the urban agglomeration. (4) The urban agglomeration displayed distinct spatial patterns in terms of the types of changes in ecosystem health. Considering both current status and trends, zoning control and differentiated management strategies were implemented for the urban agglomeration. The approaches of differentiated management and zoning control can promote the coordinated development of the Poyang Lake urban agglomeration, facilitating a dynamic balance between urbanisation and ecological protection.

Subject/topic. The article is devoted to the scientific problem of sustainable development of the region. Issues of sustainable development have become acutely discussed in the international community at all levels of government, in connection with environmental pollution, ecosystem depletion, and climate warming. The problems of reducing the quality of life and the economic inexpediency of regional investment projects are added to environmental problems. The subject of the study is a methodological approach to forecasting the sustainable development of the region. Goals/objectives. The purpose of the study is to develop an author's methodological approach to forecasting the sustainable development of the region, taking into account its specific features and taking into account the accumulated experience in this area. Methodology. The research methodology was a systematic approach, which used: a retrospective analysis of significant indicators of regional development, approximation, statistical methods of information processing, correlation and regression analysis. The empirical basis of the study was Rosstat data on the socio-economic development of the regions. Results. The author's methodological approach to forecasting the sustainable development of the region includes methods and techniques for building an economic model and assessing its quality. A universal algorithm for the formation of an economic model for forecasting the sustainable development of the region has been developed. The selection of independent and dependent variables - factors influencing the sustainable development of the region - has been carried out. The presented economic model of forecasting the sustainable development of the region, developed on the basis of correlation and regression analysis, reflects the peculiarities of the development of a particular subject of the Russian Federation. The model is quite reliable from the point of view of statistical estimates, which makes it possible to conclude that it describes the sustainable development of the region with high probability. Conclusions/significance. The novelty of the study lies in the development of the author's methodological approach, which includes an algorithm for the formation of such an economic model, which will identify social, environmental and economic factors affecting the sustainable development of the model region and assess the degree of their influence. As a result, it was possible to identify priority areas of activity of public authorities to achieve sustainable development of the Moscow region. Application. The proposed algorithm for forming an economic forecasting model is universal and can be applied to predict the sustainable development of other regions, taking into account the assessment of the quality of the economic model. The results obtained can be useful for substantiating management decisions of public authorities on the sustainable development of regional systems, forecasting the sustainable development of the region, taking into account its specific features affecting the development of the ecosystem.

Ecosystem services are the beneficial goods and services that ecosystems provide to humans. Urbanization is an important feature of human social development. While promoting economic and social development, it also brings about land degradation, resource depletion, environmental pollution and other problems, intensifying the transformation of natural ecosystems into semi-natural and artificial ecosystems, ultimately leading to the loss of ecosystem service functions and declining value. The study of the impact of urbanization on the value of ecosystem services is of critical importance for the conservation of ecosystems and sustainable development. This study examined the spatio-temporal patterns of urbanization’s impacts on ecosystem service value in the Yellow River Basin from the perspective of spatio-temporal heterogeneity. Findings: (1) Both the ecosystem service value (ESV) and urbanization level (UL) in the Yellow River Basin were on the rise on the whole, but they were significantly spatially negatively correlated and mainly characterized by the high–low spatial clustering of “low ESV–high UL” and “high ESV–low UL”. This negative correlation was gradually weakened with the transformation of the urbanization development mode and ecological restoration projects in the Yellow River Basin. (2) The impacts of the five urbanization subsystems on the value of ecosystem services were diverse. Landscape urbanization had a negative impact on the value of ecosystem services in all regions; economic urbanization and innovation urbanization changed from having a negative to a positive impact; and demographic urbanization and social urbanization had both a positive and a negative impact. (3) To promote the coordinated development of ecological environmental protection and urbanization in the YRB, this paper proposes to change the urbanization development model, implement ecological restoration by zoning, and formulate classified development plans. This study compensates for the shortcomings of current studies that ignore the different impacts of urbanization subsystems on ecosystem service value and lack sufficient consideration of the spatio-temporal heterogeneity characteristics of urbanization and ESVs, enriches the theoretical understanding of the interrelationships between natural and human systems in basin areas, and provides a scientific basis for the rational formulation of urban planning and ecological protection policies in the region, which is of great theoretical and practical significance.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 平顶山新区生态用地的识别与安全格局构建 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201305241169 作者: 作者单位: 复旦大学城市规划与发展研究中心;复旦大学环境科学与工程系,复旦大学城市规划与发展研究中心;复旦大学环境科学与工程系,复旦大学城市规划与发展研究中心;复旦大学环境科学与工程系,中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(51378127,41271201) Identification and security pattern of ecological land in Pingdingshan newly developed area Author: Affiliation: Research Center for Urban Planning and Development, Fudan University;Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University,,Research Center for Urban Planning and Development, Fudan University;Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:生态用地对城市生态安全具有重要意义,关键性生态用地的识别与安全格局的构建是实现城市精明增长和生态保护的重要途径。以河南省平顶山新区为例,结合GIS(Geographic Information System)空间技术,分析得到基于水资源安全、地质灾害规避、生物多样性保护三种单一过程的生态用地,进而综合叠加并重分类为理想型、缓冲型和底线型三类生态用地,并以底线型生态用地为源,现状土地覆被为阻力因子,应用最小累积阻力模型构建了平顶山新区生态用地的安全格局。结果表明:新区内最小生态用地,即底线型生态用地的面积为88.44 km2,占研究区总面积的29.35%;缓冲型和理想型生态用地的面积分别为22.28 km2和43.87 km2。确定了三种安全水平的生态用地范围、"源"与外部联系的辐射道、"源"间连接的生态廊道、关键的生态节点等。关键性生态用地综合安全格局的构建,旨在为研究区城市生态规划和城镇空间布局规划等提供科学参考。 Abstract:Ecological services provided by natural ecosystems are essential to human survival, while the maintenance of ecosystem services is the basis for regional sustainable development. However, ecological services have not been given enough attention, particularly in recent years in China, where has an accelerated urbanization, with high intensity of human activities. These anthropologic activities have greatly altered its natural ecosystem structure, decreased its ecosystem service functions, and seriously threatened its regional ecological security and sustainable development. In this context, a term of "ecological land", which is of great significance in safeguarding important ecological processes and providing essential ecosystem services, was proposed and gained more and more attention. We thus recognize that an identification and security pattern building of critical ecological land is a crucial way to achieve a win-win of urban ecological protection and smart growth. The research area of this paper is a newly developed area, locating in the western region of the old of Pingdingshan City, Henan Province, with a total area approximately 301.28 km2. This region is rich in natural landscape resource and wildlife, with good geological conditions and relatively flat lands. As a major future urban development area in Pingdingshan City, it is necessary to build a comprehensive security pattern for ecological land, which would play a critical role in guiding future urban sustainable development. We firstly utilized a GIS spatial technology and local data base, to analyze three different types of ecological lands based on the single process of water resource security, geological disasters avoidance, biodiversity conservation. Then we overlaid the three different ecological lands and obtained the comprehensive ecological lands, which had been further classified to three types (ideal, buffered and minimum) on the basis of natural break clustering method. Furthermore, we selected the minimum ecological land as source and the land cover as resistance factor, and then applied the minimum cumulative resistance model to build a comprehensive security pattern of critical ecological land. Results showed that the size of minimum ecological land in the newly developed area is 88.44 km2, accounting for 29.35% of the total region. The minimum ecological land is not only the core area to maintain natural ecosystem service functions, but also the base line of future urban construction and development. The size of buffered ecological land is 22.28 km2, accounting for 7.39% of the total region, mainly including the tidal flat wetland, forest and grassland on the edge of the minimum ecological land. Both the minimum and buffered ecological lands, which are the key ecological lands, with important significance in maintaining key ecological processes, should be protected seriously and developed restrictedly, with an accumulative area being greater than 1/3 of the total region. The size of ideal ecological land is 43.87 km2, which is the ideal pattern that maximally protects ecological infrastructures and services, under the premise of meeting the demand of future urban expanding. Furthermore, a number of strategic landscape pattern portions and positions were identified from the security pattern of critical ecological lands, including three-level ecological function zones, ecological corridors among sources, radiating routes between the source and external area, and ecologically strategic points, then the corresponding ecological protection and construction countermeasures were proposed. We believe that the comprehensive security pattern of critical ecological lands, with the advantages of high efficiency and spatial linkage, is an efficiently spatial approach to species conservation and landscape optimization. Therefore, our results could provide scientific reference for urban ecological planning and spatial layout planning for national urban development and future sustainability. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Urban growth simulation guided by ecosystem service trade-offs in Wuhan metropolitan area: Methods and implications for spatial planning

Data from the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) shows that the coastal waters of Southeast Asia support an immense biodiversity making the region one of the mega biodiversity hotspots of the world. To the littoral states in Southeast Asia, these coastal waters are important economic assets, supplying food and services, and providing employment for hundreds of thousands of people. In fact, these waters, and the plethora of tropical aquatic ecosystems they engender, have become a cornerstone of the economy of many nations in this region, supporting fisheries and other marine based industries. All these activities and environmental services are totally dependent on the health of the aquatic ecosystems, such as rivers, estuaries, mangroves, sea grasses and coral reefs, that support them one way or another.Notwithstanding their importance, these areas are currently facing serious threats in the form of declining resources and biodiversity due to negative impacts of anthropogenic activities. Rapid economic development in the coastal regions of littoral states, without appropriate consideration to environmental issues, have resulted in pollution and habitat changes that have undermined the ability of the marine environment to sustain the productivity on which so many have come to depend. Threats to the sustainability of these resources in the form of land-based and sea-based pollution are becoming more and more serious by the day, seriously impacting on the socio-economic status and livelihood of the people, particularly coastal communities. The manifestations of this disregard for the aquatic environment are already obvious, as evidenced by the frequent reports on polluted rivers and seas, decreases in fish landings, declines of aesthetic values in water-based recreational areas and loss of biodiversity. In spite of the growing concern amongst many scientists, policy makers and stakeholders, these aquatic ecosystems continue to face damages, resulting in destruction of sustainable links between ecosystem health and continuous human needs.The broad spectrum of resources and activities in the tropical aquatic environment call for a comprehensive and holistic approach to its management. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society (AEHMS), has taken the initiative to address some these problems. In 2010, AEHMS together with Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), National Oceanography Directorate, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Malaysia (NOD-MOSTI), FanLi Marine and Consultancy Pte. Ltd., and other institutions, organized an international conference on ECOSEAS 2010–The First International Conference on Managing Ecosystem Health of Tropical Seas. ECOSEAS 2010 was held from the 9th to 21 October 2010 in conjunction with 50th anniversary celebrations of The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), which started on 8th June, World Oceans Day. The focus in this conference was on the management of ecosystem health of tropical coastal environments, deploying state-of–the-art technologies to rehabilitate and sustain ecosystem health.Besides ECOSEAS, various other activities have been initiated by AEHMS together with the local institutions in Malaysia. Earlier in 2006, a special issue on `Malaysian Monograph’ was published by AEHMS to address challenges in aquatic environments and their resources. The Malaysian Monograph played a very essential role. It brought together a wide spectrum of papers on all aspects of Malaysian aquatic environment, from aquatic and sediment pollution to fisheries and biodiversity. More important, it discussed the health the country's aquatic environment through the prism of these aspects, providing a comprehensive perspective of its current status and how future directions in management and research need to be pursued. This was followed by another special issue of the AEHM, in 2009, based on the conference entitled “Ecosystem sustainability and health of threatened marine environments: ESTHEME.” The conference and resulting special issue were organized in collaboration with the Institute of Oceanography, University of Malaysia, Terengganu.The initiatives pursued by AEHMS and its local-regional collaborators (who have included universities such as Putra University Malaysia and University of Malaysia, Terengganu) as well as professional private sector companies (such as FanLi Marine and Consultancy Pte. Ltd.) have resonated well with the local and global scientific community. Review publications on Malaysian ecosystem health are limited, but the Malaysian Monograph went far in internationalizing the issues facing the country in complying with its own commitment to sustainable development. Among local researchers, it resonated among those members of the scientific community who had long felt that the sustainability of ecosystem health is critical to ensure that aquatic ecosystems can continue to support the socio-economic status of rural communities, especially those living along the rivers, estuaries and coastal regions.In line with the current drive to establish research hubs on sustainable aquatic environment and resources in institutions of higher learning, there has been a major shift in research focus on ecosystem health. Local resource management agencies are now beginning to employ Ecosystem Based Management approaches for fisheries and forestry (particularly mangroves), a shift that would demand a greater emphasis on ecosystem health as a basis of sustainability.While AEHMS was not entirely responsible for the current wind of change, it did play a part in catalyzing a move in the direction management and research are now taking. The field is still wide open – no one imagines that the kind of change we need to see in the management of our ecosystem will occur overnight- but the awareness is there and the first steps have been taken. And at each step, we know that AEHMS is there, somewhere, behind us.