Abstract
Our previous work showed that using Lactobacillus pentosus HC-2 as a probiotic could improve the growth performance, immune response, gut bacterial diversity and disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei. However, the probiotic mechanism had not been fully characterized. In the present study, histology and proteomic analysis were performed to explore the influence of HC-2 surface protein on its probiotic effects on L. vannamei after feeding either the intact surface proteins, the probiotic treated with lithium chloride (LiCl) to remove noncovalently bound surface proteins or no probiotic for four weeks. Histological observation found that feeding with normal HC-2 obviously improved the intestinal histology and enhanced the protective effect against pathogen damage, but feeding with LiCl-treated HC-2 did not improve the intestinal environment. A total of over 2764 peptides and 1118 uniproteins were identified from the L. vannamei midgut; 211 proteins were significantly differentially expressed in the normal HC-2 group compared with the control group; 510 proteins were significantly differentially expressed in the LiCl-treated HC-2 group compared with the control group, and 458 proteins were significantly differentially expressed in the LiCl-treated HC-2 group compared with the normal HC-2 group. GO/KEGG enrichment analysis of the significantly different proteins demonstrated that feeding normal HC-2 mainly induced immune response, metabolic, cell adhesion and cell-cell signaling-related protein upregulation, which contributed to bacterial adhesion and colonization in the midgut to improve the shrimp immune system and growth, but these proteins were suppressed after the shrimp were fed bacteria deprived of surface proteins. Taken together, these results indicate that the surface proteins were indispensable for HC-2 to execute probiotic effects in the shrimp midgut.
Highlights
Litopenaeus vannamei, is one of the most valuable crustacean aquaculture species worldwide because of its high nutrition value and tolerance to extensive salinity [1]
It is widely recognized that supplement with probiotics in aquaculture may stabilize the indigenous microflora, and normalize the host-microbe interaction, which is contribute to reduce the incidence of diseases [29]
This work, to investigate the impact of surface proteins on probiotic effect of HC-2 to L. vannamei, proteomic analyses were conducted to using a label-free based LC-MS/MS
Summary
Litopenaeus vannamei, is one of the most valuable crustacean aquaculture species worldwide because of its high nutrition value and tolerance to extensive salinity [1]. Water environment deterioration, frequent disease outbreaks caused by viruses such as WSSV, YHV and IHHNV, or by bacteria like genus Vibrio are more prominent issues as a consequence of the rapidly growing shrimp aquaculture industry [2, 3]. There is international concern about dealing with the tough problem by supplying probiotic bacterial cells in food or in the aquatic environment to control the infectious diseases by strengthening the physique of aquatic animals [4, 5]. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly used and advocated, such as Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillusb plantarum have been widely administered for the significant of improving host immune status, strengthening the host digestion, modulating the bacterial community, and antagonizing opportunistic pathogens [6,7,8]. It has recently suggested that surface proteins of lactobacilli bacteria participate in adhesion to epithelial cell lines, gastrointestinal mucins, or extracellular matrix proteins [10,11,12]
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