Abstract
The average length of hospital stay in the psychiatric ward is longer, and the risk of patient-to-nurse violence is higher than that in other departments. Therefore, psychiatric nurses' work environment may differ from that of other nurses. The factors related to psychiatric nurses' self-efficacy may also differ from those of general workers or other nurses. Mental health care that considers the characteristics of psychiatric nurses requires exploration of self-efficacy unique to psychiatric nurses. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the distinct factors related to psychiatric nurses' self-efficacy. The developed 24 items related to improvement in self-efficacy and 25 items related to decrease in self-efficacy were examined. The Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale was used to measure the validity of the factors. To extract the factors of self-efficacy, data from 132 nurses and assistant nurses who provided informed consent were analyzed, and the reliability and validity of the factors were calculated. The factors associated with improvement in self-efficacy were "Positive reactions by patients," "Ability to positively change nurse-patient relationship," and "Practicability of appropriate nursing." The factors associated with decrease in self-efficacy were "Uncertainty in psychiatric nursing" and "Nurses' role loss." The Cronbach's α for all factors exceeded .70. Of the five factors, four had significant weak-to-moderate correlations with the Japanese version of the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale; therefore, the validity was quantitatively confirmed with four factors. Interventions based on these four factors may improve psychiatric nurses' self-efficacy. Additionally, it is possible that this tool assesses the unique facets of self-efficacy rather than psychiatric nurses' general self-efficacy. Interventions to improve psychiatric nurses' self-efficacy based on the characteristics of psychiatry are needed.
Highlights
Albert Bandura defined self-efficacy as “judgments of how well one can execute courses of action required to deal with prospective situations” (p. 122) [1]
The results revealed that three factors (13 items) that focused on improved self-efficacy (Table 2) and two factors (12 items) related to decreased self-efficacy (Table 3) were extracted using factor analysis
Three factors related to improved self-efficacy and two related to decreased selfefficacy among psychiatric nurses were extracted
Summary
Albert Bandura defined self-efficacy as “judgments of how well one can execute courses of action required to deal with prospective situations” (p. 122) [1]. Albert Bandura defined self-efficacy as “judgments of how well one can execute courses of action required to deal with prospective situations” People with high self-efficacy set goals to challenge and improve their task achievement rate; people with low self-. Psychiatric nurses’ self-efficacy had no involvements for this study design (collection, analysis, and interpretation of data), writing the report and the decision to submit the report for publication
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