Exploration of the application of wireless communication Internet in the child-friendly public space

Purpose During the past decades, China has seen a rapid urbanization that has (re)shaped not only its city landscape but also (re)created public space where children live, play, and learn. However, little research has focused on how urban public space influences young children's learning and development and how parents navigate children's development in the public space. Therefore, this research aims to study how public space influences parents’ engagement with their young children. Design/Approach/Methods This study is informed of Bronfenbrenner's Processes, Person, Context, and Time (PPCT) model that sees children's learning as complex and multilateral interactions among various stakeholders including schools, families, and environment. It employed ethnographic approach to study the interactions between children and their parents in a public playground in a Western Chinese city. Findings It found that parents realized public space had been reshaped by urbanization. While they accompanied their children to play, they actively monitored children's safety and cultivated children's physical and social development. In this process, male parents tended to contribute more than they would do in other settings. Originality/Value This study fills the gap by providing a nuanced study exploring how parents fulfill their responsibilities in an integral space of children's development, which has rarely been explored.

The technology advance and convergence of cyber physical systems, smart sensors, short-range wireless communications, cloud computing, and smartphone apps have driven the proliferation of Internet of things (IoT) devices in smart homes and smart industry. In light of the high heterogeneity of IoT system, the prevalence of system vulnerabilities in IoT devices and applications, and the broad attack surface across the entire IoT protocol stack, a fundamental and urgent research problem of IoT security is how to effectively collect, analyze, extract, model, and visualize the massive network traffic of IoT devices for understanding what is happening to IoT devices. Towards this end, this paper develops and demonstrates an end-to-end system with three key components, i.e., the IoT network traffic monitoring system via programmable home routers, the backend IoT traffic behavior analysis system in the cloud, and the frontend IoT visualization system via smartphone apps, for monitoring, analyzing and virtualizing network traffic behavior of heterogeneous IoT devices in smart homes. The main contributions of this demonstration paper is to present a novel system with an end-to-end process of collecting, analyzing and visualizing IoT network traffic in smart homes.

This study analyses the plant growth and yield parameters in drip-irrigated and furrow irrigated chili fields in the Guntur region during Kharif 2021. As a part of the DST-SEED project, 48 farmers' chili crops were selected amongst 21 clusters to collect data on soil characteristics, fruits of each plant, their height, fruit length, and fruit yield. The present comparative study purposes to establish the growth and quality of chili fields in the selected drip-irrigated areas. The study's findings show that the approach of drip irrigation integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT) devices excelled in all parameters studied over the furrow irrigation method. The maximum and minimum plant heights in a drip-irrigated farmer's field were 102.3 and 77.46 cm, respectively. While furrow irrigated, farmer's fields produced plant heights of 93.3 and 70.3 cm, respectively. The maximum and minimum number of plant-1 fruits and fruit lengths are 110 and 81.5, 8.1, and 5.9 cm were recorded in the drip-irrigated farmer's field integrated with IoT devices. IoT devices were placed to control the water flow smartly through a mobile app. At the same time, furrow-irrigated farmer's fields could produce the lowest yield of fruits in plant-1; the fruit lengths (cm) are 94.57 and 70.21, 6.7 and 4.7 cm, respectively. The current research recommends that agricultural communities use drip irrigation integrated with IoT devices instead of the old conventional flooding techniques, assess the nutrient state of their soil, implement the indicated logical nutrient management practices, smart motor control, and plant high-yielding varieties or hybrids. This research underscores the importance of adopting modern agricultural techniques, including drip irrigation integrated with IoT devices and machine learning-based predictive models, for enhancing chili yield growth.

Shanghai ranks supreme among Chinese metropolises in terms of an escalating elderly population, thereby making the enhancement of their quality of life a universally acknowledged societal concern. Rural public spaces serve as important places to carry out the activities of tourists and villagers . Catering to the physiological and psychological needs of the elderly, respecting their individual characteristics, and subsequently proffering an unprejudiced spatial service for all users, could more effectively gratify the demands of recreation and daily life. The primary focus of this dissertation is the design of public spaces in Shanghai’s Zhonghua village. By conducting an earnest examination of the intrinsics of rural public space and universal design, the urgency of a universally accessible design for public spaces is analyzed. An on-site survey and interviews furnish insights into the current issues concerning the design of public spaces in Zhonghua village, and strategies to ameliorate spatial designs are proposed.

With the wide application of building information modeling (BIM) technology in the field of architectural design, this study aims to explore the planning and design method of public space internal environment based on BIM topological relationship. Through in-depth analysis of the data structure and spatial topological relationships of BIM models, this study proposes a public space design framework that combines user needs and environmental standards. Collect and convert relevant data of public spaces into BIM models, use BIM technology to establish detailed models of spatial elements and their topological relationships, combine spatial connectivity, line of sight, and flow simulation analysis, and consider key factors such as spatial layout, lighting, and ventilation. Realize the planning and design of indoor environments in public spaces. The experimental results indicate that the method can effectively improve the quality of public space design and promote the sustainable development of the environment. This study not only highlights the application potential of BIM in public space design, but also provides a new design methodology for the internal environmental planning of public space.

The revolutionary advances of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and applications have helped IoT emerge as an increasingly important domain for end-user development (EUD). Past research has shown that end users desire to create various customized automations, which would often utilize multiple IoT devices. Many solutions exist to support EUD across multiple IoT devices, but they are limited to devices from the same manufacturer, within the same “eco-system” or supporting a common API. We present Epidosite, a mobile programming-by-demonstration system that addresses this limitation by leveraging the smartphone as a hub for IoT automation. It enables the creation of automations for most consumer IoT devices on smartphones by demonstrating the desired behaviors through directly manipulating the corresponding smartphone app for each IoT device. Epidosite also supports using the smartphone app usage context and external web services as triggers and data for automations, enabling the creation of highly context-aware IoT applications.

The number of digital health products is increasing faster than ever. These technologies (e.g. mobile apps and connected devices) collect massive amounts of data about their users, including health, medical, sex life, and other intimate data. In this paper, we study a set of 21 Internet of Things (IoT) devices advertised for general and intimate health purposes of female bodies (aka female-oriented technologies or FemTech). We focus on the security of the Bluetooth connection and communications between the IoT device and the mobile app. Our results highlight serious security issues in the current off-the-shelf FemTech devices. These include unencrypted Bluetooth traffic, unknown Bluetooth services and insecure Bluetooth authentication when connecting to the app. We implement Bluetooth attacks on the communication between these devices and apps, resulting in malfunctioning of the device and app. We discuss our results and provide recommendations for different stakeholders to improve the security practices of Bluetooth-enabled IoT devices in such a sensitive and intimate domain.

Public spaces should be for all. It is thus crucial to study whether inclusiveness is effectively considered in public space design so that different kinds of users are equally able to enjoy the convenience and welfare provided by such spaces. Governments and welfare associations have indeed recognized the importance of inclusiveness in public spaces, and considerable progress has been made in the design of such spaces for physically disabled persons. However, current inclusive designs do not sufficiently address the difficulties faced by people with sensory disabilities, especially those with visual impairment. Through a case study of public open spaces in Beijing, Hong Kong, and Taipei, this chapter examines the inclusiveness of public open spaces and the current issue of exclusion of the visually impaired persons. It discusses the need for synchronization between policy makers, designers, facility management teams and users at different stage of work, so they can design and offer truly inclusive public open spaces to visually impaired persons.

This chapter places the contents of the handbook in the context of previous research about the use, design and management of urban public space. The chapter begins with the editors’ preferred definition of public space and distinguishes between publicly owned and privately owned public spaces. The second section reviews different uses and users of public space. Following that is a section about the design of public space and demonstrates how design features encourage certain kinds of behavior. The final section considers public space from a management perspective, namely how management practices differ between spaces that are (1) publicly owned and publicly managed, (2) publicly owned and privately managed and (3) privately owned and privately managed. Information about the third type is drawn from Te-Sheng’s own research.

Public open spaces are essential in urban areas, performing various functions and services that benefit individuals and communities. This paper examines the multi-functionality of his KLCC Park public open space in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. KLCC Park is a vast, well-kept park in the heart of Kuala Lumpur. Recreational facilities within the park include playgrounds, jogging trails, and lakes. Picnics, family gatherings and cultural activities are also common here. This study aims to delve into the multi-functional nature of public open spaces and elucidate the importance of nature in creating a harmonious relationship between humans and their environment. The main objective is to investigate the relationship between public open space and the muti-functionality of nature; the second is to comprehend nature’s significance in public open spaces and its impact on human well-being; and finally, the third objective is to suggest the incorporation of nature elements in the design and planning of public open spaces to optimise their functionality and enhancing user’s overall satisfaction. The research results will help develop a more evidence-based urban planning and design approach. The article argues that public spaces should be constructed and managed to benefit individuals and communities maximum. Additionally, this contribution emphasises the importance of incorporating natural elements into the design and planning of public open spaces.

Public space has critical importance for the city and society because it forms a sense of community. The debate on the end of public space, which is ongoing as the privatization in the city rises, moves on to a new phase with the Covid-19 outbreak. Since the perception of public spaces will be a determinant factor in the future of the city, the question arises: How the perception and usage of the public, virtual public and pseudo-public spaces (particularly shopping malls) have been affected by the recent Covid-19 pandemic? The aim of this study is to examine the changing perception and usage of public and pseudo-public spaces during the Covid-19 outbreak in Istanbul, Turkey. Within this scope, an online survey was conducted with 337 participants living in Istanbul between the dates of 1–5 June 2020. With this survey, the change in perceptions and usage of these spaces based on personal, residential and district characteristics were investigated. The findings of the study revealed statistically significant differences between the perceptions and usage of public spaces and pseudo-public spaces before and after the Covid-19 outbreak in terms of personal, residential and district characteristics. According to survey results, there would be a significant decrease in the frequency of possible visits to public places. The outbreak reduces interest in virtual spaces as a leisure activity, but it also increases the interest in virtual spaces as a shopping and meeting/chat platform. In addition, it was determined that the demand for shopping centres and virtual platforms as both before-after-the-outbreak leisure activities decreased significantly as the amount of green space per capita increases. Besides, the diminishing reputations of pseudo-public spaces and the increasing importance of virtual public spaces may be observed from the survey results. The longer the outbreak, the greater its impact on the design and planning of public spaces and pseudo-public spaces. Rather than planning huge and crowded spaces such as big squares and huge malls, there is likely a shift toward planning a large number of small-scale public spaces within walking distance.

In modern world, the problems of formation of the quality urban environment are brought to the forefront in megalopolises, small cities, and urban localities. In the conditions of rapid urbanization and expanding urban population, the public spaces are becoming an important element of the city planning system, foundation for the formation of urban environment, reflection of the level of cultural and social life. The design of comfortable public urban spaces consists not only in the functional and technical nuances, which determine the components of this environment, but also in conceptual designation of the space. The tasks of comprehensive approach in creation and modernization of the new and existing public spaces gain priority. The article is dedicated to theoretical analysis of the problematic, patterns and relevant trends in formation and modernization of public urban spaces on the example of Russian and foreign experience. The analysis of this question allows formulating the key principles and conditions for formation and development of the efficient system of urban public spaces. The object of this article is the environment of public urban spaces under various urban planning conditions. The subject of this article is the peculiarities and trends in the formation of urban public spaces. The goal consists in determination of the factors, conditions, functions, specificity, and patterns that impact the formation of the environment of urban public spaces.

Internet of Things (IoT) devices have rooted themselves in the everyday life of billions of people. Thus, researchers have applied automated bug finding techniques to improve their overall security. However, due to the difficulties in extracting and emulating custom firmware, black-box fuzzing is often the only viable analysis option. Unfortunately, this solution mostly produces invalid inputs, which are quickly discarded by the targeted IoT device and do not penetrate its code. Another proposed approach is to leverage the companion app (i.e., the mobile app typically used to control an IoT device) to generate well-structured fuzzing inputs. Unfortunately, the existing solutions produce fuzzing inputs that are constrained by app-side validation code, thus significantly limiting the range of discovered vulnerabilities.In this paper, we propose a novel approach that overcomes these limitations. Our key observation is that there exist functions inside the companion app that can be used to generate optimal (i.e., valid yet under-constrained) fuzzing inputs. Such functions, which we call fuzzing triggers, are executed before any data-transforming functions (e.g., network serialization), but after the input validation code. Consequently, they generate inputs that are not constrained by app-side sanitization code, and, at the same time, are not discarded by the analyzed IoT device due to their invalid format. We design and develop Diane, a tool that combines static and dynamic analysis to find fuzzing triggers in Android companion apps, and then uses them to fuzz IoT devices automatically. We use Diane to analyze 11 popular IoT devices, and identify 11 bugs, 9 of which are zero days. Our results also show that without using fuzzing triggers, it is not possible to generate bug-triggering inputs for many devices.

This study examines the importance of inclusive design and accessibility of urban public spaces for people with disabilities (PWDs) in areas around Kuala Lumpur. The main focus is to create an inclusive community, in accordance with the concept of ‘City for All’, regardless of social, cultural, economic, or religious status. This is in line with the Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11) where target 11.7.1., is that urban public open spaces are for the use of all people, regardless of gender, age, and ability. This has identified two main problems, namely, the negative perceptions of accessibility and the design of urban public spaces that does not often meet the needs for the mobility of PwDs and senior citizens. The aim is to establish criterias for universal design in public spaces that are characterized by inclusivity and are easily accessible to all people of the society. The methodology used includes data collection through interviews and direct observation in selected case studies. This process produces not only theoretical basis but also has practical applications in implementing inclusive public spaces in dense urban areas. The result highlights the urgent need for improvements in inclusive planning and the provision of more accessible facilities for all diverse ability. Therefore, improving existing infrastructure to ensure that all individuals can participate inclusively in social life and public space recreation can be realized in major urban public areas in Malaysia.

<p>The gardening philosophy of Chinese classical gardens is an integral part of China’s rich traditional culture, reflecting ancient scholars’ understanding of nature and humanity and embodying aesthetic and philosophical values. With the progression of time, integrating the principles of Chinese classical garden gardening into contemporary space design has emerged as a critical issue in contemporary public space design. This study uses the Butong Arts Town in Qinhuangdao as a case study, focusing on applying Chinese classical garden gardening concepts in public space design and regional micro-renovation. Special attention is given to nodes that simultaneously serve interactive and recreational functions. In the micro-renovation of the Butong Arts Town area, Chinese classical garden gardening principles can be employed through greening, landscaping, and other means to enhance the quality of the space. Additionally, by integrating local cultural characteristics, it is possible to create public spaces with distinct regional features, providing a comfortable and pleasant environment for artists, designers, planners, and tourists. The design methods used in this study explore the behavioral characteristics and usage needs of various groups from multiple perspectives, aiming to optimize activity spaces. This research identifies the main issues within the target areas and proposes corresponding improvement measures to enhance the functionality and aesthetic quality of the space. The aim is to integrate people’s growing spiritual pursuits with public activity spaces, providing new references and ideas for future sustainable space design.</p>