Abstract
This paper presents an accurate, simplified, explicit, and fast computing one-step model for a practical photovoltaic (PV) module without the need of heavy offline calculations, lookup tables, or iterative methods. A closed-form expression of the model shaping factor is provided, which paves the way to explicitly locate the maximum power point (MPP). Based on the obtained closed-form shaping factor expression, an adaptive maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is proposed. The proposed adaptive MPPT algorithm is implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and verified using an FPGA-in-the-loop simulation, under rapid changes in temperature and irradiance, with comparisons to perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (InCond) MPPT methods. Moreover, two experimental case studies are discussed to highlight the validity of the proposed work.
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