Abstract
The growing global shortage of freshwater resources can be partially offset by the desalination of mineralized ocean and marine waters. The most common methods of desalination today are distillation, based on phase transformations of water, and reverse-osmosis, which consists in passing sea water through semipermeable membranes. The distillation method of desalination is characterized by significant thermal energy needs. In the process of desalination by the reverse-osmotic method, there is a need for the periodic replacement of expensive membranes, the creation of high pressure, which leads to significant energy consumption. In this regard, the actual problem is the study of vapor-air desalination method, based on the law of equilibrium state of vapor-gas-liquid mixtures. The efficiency of devices based on the vapor-air method is a significant increase in productivity due to the additional generation of steam, which reduces the energy costs for heating water in the installation. The purpose of this work is to determine the main factors affecting the performance of the vapor-air type installations. As a result of an experimental study of the operation of aself-sufficient steam-type desalination setup, it was found out that the initial water and air temperatures in the bubbling zone have a key impact on the performance. The high energy efficiency of devices implementing this method, with the quality of the condensate that complies with regulatory requirements, makes the vapor-air desalination method very future-oriented.
Highlights
One of the pressing problems of our time is the shortage of fresh drinking water, due to the uneven distribution of fresh water resources
Obtaining fresh water by the reverse osmosis method consists in passing water through semipermeable membranes that do not conduct salts dissolved in water through themselves, dividing the initial solution into permeate and retentate [7]
Summarizing all the above, we can conclude that the production of fresh water in devices that implement the vapor-air method is energy efficient
Summary
One of the pressing problems of our time is the shortage of fresh drinking water, due to the uneven distribution of fresh water resources. Obtaining fresh water by the reverse osmosis method consists in passing water through semipermeable membranes that do not conduct salts dissolved in water through themselves, dividing the initial solution into permeate and retentate (concentrate) [7]. This method is effective for desalination of waters with low and medium salinity; it is practically not used in countries with high ambient temperatures (more than 32 °C), since in this case membrane hydrolysis process is more intensive, which shortens the period of their operation. In connection with the above mentioned, the problem of vapor-air desalination is extremely important
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