Abstract
Density currents are formed when gravity acts upon a density difference between two different fluids, and the driving force is the buoyancy force. These currents are the most important transport mechanisms and deposition of noncohesive sediments in narrow and deep reservoirs. In this research, 126 experiments were performed to investigate the effects of artificial bed roughness on saline and sediment-laden density currents. Conic and cylindrical shapes of roughness were used with three different heights. Velocity and concentration profiles were measured in 4 and 3 cross-sections, respectively. Presence of roughness causes increasing density current body thickness, decreasing maximum value of velocity and increasing distance of peak value of velocity point from the bed in the normal velocity profile. Coefficient of entrainment in the rough beds was more than in smooth beds and increased for greater roughness heights. A special behavior, referred to as “lifting phenomenon”, was present in some of the tests and which had an effect on the velocity profiles.
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