Abstract
Residual stresses in components are an important issue in most manufacturing processes, as they influence the performance of the final part. Regarding hot forming processes there is a great potential of defining a targeted residual stress state, due to numerous adjustment parameters like deformation state or temperature profile. In order to ensure appropriate numerical modelling of resulting residual stresses in a thermomechanical process, comprehensive material data regarding phase transformation are required. This paper presents an experimental-numerical procedure to efficiently determine time-temperature-transformation diagrams for cooling simulations after hot forming. The transformation behaviour of the steel alloys 42CrMo4 and 100Cr6 is determined by experiments as well as FE-simulations. Finally, the simulation model is validated by dilatometric experiments and metallographic investigations.
Highlights
In forming processes, the arising residual stresses influence the material behaviour during and after manufacturing as well as the performance of the final component [1]
In this study a cost-effective, time-saving as well as precise method for the determination of TTTdiagrams was presented for the steel alloys 42CrMo4 and 100Cr6
CCT-diagrams were calculated with the software JMatPro of Sente Software based on the chemical composition of the steel alloys
Summary
In forming processes, the arising residual stresses influence the material behaviour during and after manufacturing as well as the performance of the final component [1]. Hot forming, in particular, represents a great challenge for numerical prediction of the resulting stress states and a high potential for the targeted adjustment of residual stresses due to numerous influencing factors resulting from the thermomechanical process [2, 3] During such a process, the degree of deformation after hot forming in combination with the temperature-time profile experienced by the component have an important influence [4]. Thereby, CCT describe the transformation behaviour of the material during continuous cooling, whereas TTT represent the transformation behaviour after quenching and subsequent holding at a certain test temperature [5] Such diagrams are either provided by steel manufacturers or listed, for example, in compendia for heat treatment [6]. Another important influence on the phase transformations is the deformation state
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