Abstract
Today’s world is facing a lot of troubles due to pollution that leads to global warming, acid rain formation, and improper climate change which affect the environment in aspects such as agriculture cultivation, deforestation (forest firing), and ecosystem destruction. The effective utilization of biomass such as cotton seed hull (CSH) can reduce the pollution and create the green and sustainable environment. The present study investigates the effect of biogas generation by anaerobic co-digestion of CSH material on cow dung (CD) without doing any pretreatment. Proper utilization of CSH material with CD of various blend ratios (CD: CSH) in batch digester has been kept at a temperature of 35 ± 2 °C at 90 rpm for digestion period of 45 days. The mono-digestion of CD, i.e., the blend ratio of 100:0 produces a biogas yield of 193 ml/g VS whereas the mono-digestion of CSH (blend ratio of 0:100) produces a yield of 33 ml/g VS. Among the other proportions, a maximum biogas yield of 86 ml/g VS has been obtained for the ratio 75:25. In the co-digestion of CD with CSH, the blend ratio 75:25 (CD:CSH) yields a higher biogas yield of 160% compared to mono-digestion of CSH, whereas the blend ratio 50:50 yields 12% increase of biogas yield compared to mono-digestion of CSH. It is also found that there will be a decrease of 30% biogas yield for the blend ratio of 25:75 compared with mono-digestion of CSH alone. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis has been done to study the surface morphology of unfermented CSH and fermented CSH along with various blend ratios.
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