Abstract
In this study, we experimentally investigated magnetic particle movement in two-phase flow under an external magnetic field. According to Faraday’s law, the alignment of a magnet is important for power generation. For high generation, it is important to understand how magnetic particles move in two-phase flow. The rotationality could be determined by observing a single particle; however, this is impossible due to the flow conditions. In this study, we estimated nonrotationality based on the vorticity. To eliminate scattered light and improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the laser-induced fluorescence particle image velocimetry technique was used. The solenoid nozzle has a hydraulic diameter of 3 mm. Its surface is covered with a coil with a diameter of 0.3 mm. The average diameter of a magnetic particle is 1.2 μm. The excitation and emission wavelengths are 532 and 612 nm, respectively. A thin laser sheet setup was configured. The laser sheet was illuminated on both sides to prevent shadows. The images were captured at 200 μm away from the wall and center of the nozzle. To estimate the decrease in vorticity, the theoretical and single-phase non-magnetic and magnetic particles are compared. The vorticity of magnetic particles is reduced by the external magnetic field.
Highlights
Ferrofluid is used in a variety of fields, such as drug delivery, heat transfer, energy harvesting, microdevices, and separation, due to physical limitations and the control of existing fluid [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9].Recently, magnetic nanofluids with magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in oil or water have been used in areas to increase the efficiency of power generation systems or gain new energy
Magnetic nanofluids with magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in oil or water have been used in areas to increase the efficiency of power generation systems or gain new energy
To enhance the heat transfer effect, ferrofluid affected by an external magnetic field in two-phase flow was numerically researched [12,13]
Summary
Ferrofluid is used in a variety of fields, such as drug delivery, heat transfer, energy harvesting, microdevices, and separation, due to physical limitations and the control of existing fluid [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. The magnet is placed outside the coil to magnetize the ferrofluid This approach shows that the ferrofluid circulating in the closed loop generates power by inducing a magnetic field change from the bubbly flow generated when the fluid is boiled by an external heat source. To enhance the heat transfer effect, ferrofluid affected by an external magnetic field in two-phase flow was numerically researched [12,13]. Unlike those on single-phase flow, numerical studies on two-phase flow are heavily simplified, and the actual flow is much different. A closed-loop power generation system that uses waste heat, as proposed by Kim et al [11], was configured In this system, single- and two-phase flow occur. To verify the effect of the external magnetic force, the two-phase flow is compared to a fully developed theoretical model, nonmagnetic, and magnetic particles in single-phase flow
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