Abstract
A birefringence compensation technique based on angled star couplers in arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is experimentally investigated in silica-on-silicon waveguide with B–Ge codoped upper cladding. A 16-channel AWG with 100-GHz channel spacing is designed and fabricated. The star couplers are designed according to Rowland circle construction with an oblique incident/diffraction angle. Five different polarization compensation parameters corresponding to different incident/diffraction angles are employed to investigate the stress-induced birefringence. The experimental results confirm that the polarization-dependent wavelength shift <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX"> $(\hbox{PD}\lambda)$</tex></formula> can be tuned by varying the incident/diffraction angle at the star couplers, and a birefringence-free AWG can be achieved without any additional fabrication process.
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