Abstract
Aluminium 6061 (Al6061) alloy, which is known as commercial alloy, is massively used in aviation and automobile industries. Therefore, research on Al6061 alloy is gaining significance among scientists and researchers all over the world as it provides light weight, high strength and stiffness, high impact, and corrosion resistance in engineering applications. The comprehensive analysis of mechanical behavior under large stress-strain deformation responses of the alloy is studied over a wide range of strain-rates such as 1 × 10−3 s−1, 1 × 103 s−1, 2 × 103 s−1, and 3 × 103 s−1 under room temperature to elevated temperatures of 100°C and 200°C. In this regard, this study aims to evaluate the Johnson–Cook strength and fracture constants utilizing the Johnson–Cook constitutive model equations. Furthermore, the evaluated constant parameters have been used to perform numerical simulation analysis utilizing ABAQUS/CAE software. According to the study’s findings, the critical perforation velocity was found to be 70 ms−1 when a flat-nosed bullet (45 mm length and 12 mm diameter) made of stainless steel weighing 50 grams was fired normally to the center of a square plate specimen of Al6061 alloy. The specimen of the square flat plate was prepared with side 205 mm and 2 mm thickness (205 × 205 × 2 mm3). A good correlation for critical perforation velocity of experimental acquisition data and numerical simulation results has been found. These findings increase the knowledge of the material’s response application to the high-velocity impact that can be used in arms-ammunition, aviation, marine, automobile, and home appliances.
Highlights
A cylindrical bluntnosed bullet (45 mm length and 12 mm diameter) weighing 0.05 kg made of stainless steel is fired normally to the center of the Aluminium 6061 (Al6061) alloy specimen (205 × 205 × 2 mm3) to predict the critical perforation velocity. e strain gauge is fixed on the backside of the specimen at three different locations
Numerical Simulation Results. e finite element software ABAQUS/CAE was utilized to model and the numerical simulations were carried out for bullet impact. e cylindrical bullet was deployed to impact normal to the center of a square plate Al6061 alloy
Works e study was focused to validate critical perforation velocity numerically and experimentally. e following are the significant findings of the present study: (1) e experimental results conclude that when the temperature and strain-rates increases, the yield and flow stress of Al6061 alloy increase
Summary
Aluminium 6061 alloy is one of the commercial aluminum alloys being massively used in aerospace and automobile industries; it is a versatile heat treatable extruded alloy with medium to high strength capabilities. E typical application for aluminium alloy includes Aircraft and Aerospace components, Marine fittings, Transport, Bicycle frames, Vehicle rims, Camera lenses, Driveshaft, Electrical fittings and connectors, Brake components, Valves, Couplings, etc. Researchers are working to develop materials that have light weight, high strength and stiffness, high impact, and corrosion resistance as they are widely used in structural application. Al6061 alloy is used as structural components in the aerospace, aeronautical, marine, and automobile industries. Al6061-T6 increases high toughness and weldability and found more application potential [3,4,5]
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