Abstract
Investigation of the compression properties of Klaipėda sand by oedometric testing and numerical modeling is presented. Klaipėda sand is characteristic of the Baltic seashore region sand. Experimental investigation was performed with fraction corresponding to diameter variation bounds of 0.6 and 0.425 mm. Compression test was realized with initial maximal void ratio (e 0 = 0.800) of sand. Employed vertical stress ramp value is 800.0 kPa/min, maximum loading σmax = 400.0 kPa. Applying loading within the range of 50.0 to 120.0, two vertical stress jumps have been identified. A rubber sample compression test has been performed aiming to deny an assumption, that vertical stress jumps are influenced by device construction. Experiment viewed that not any vertical stress jumps have been recognized. Numerical simulation yielded exactly the same two vertical stress jumps found by compression with oedometer. It proves that the nature of rearrangement of sand grains has been properly reflected by modeling compaction process by DEM. Sand compaction velocity is higher versus applied vertical stress ramp. This is the reason for appearing of the vertical stress jumps. Numerical simulation viewed that location of the largest compression in oedometer is at the top of the sample.
Highlights
An analysis of actual deformed behaviour stages of ground in many cases is possible only by applying simulation results at the level of soil particles or grains
That numerical simulation of deformed behaviour of soil even at the level of particles can lead to contradictory and unreliable results. It should be accompanied by some experimental investigation of soil behaviour and proper validation of results. This is necessary for accurate identifying of mechanical properties for numerical modeling, when applying Discrete Element Method (DEM) with large computer resources or widely employed finite element method (FEM) with less computer resources
When analyzing some discrepancy between maximum initial void ratios, it is obvious that the simulated mixture of discrete models of grains for numerical simulations is not completely the same when comparing it with the natural mixture, corresponding one fracture (0.6–0.425 mm, obtained from sieve analysis)
Summary
An analysis of actual deformed behaviour stages of ground in many cases is possible only by applying simulation results at the level of soil particles or grains. The aim of the current investigation is to analyse the sand compression via oedometer testing and simulating analogous process by applying DEM techniques. The physical and numerical experiments have been started with maximal initial void ratio soil aiming to investigate nature of compaction processes during loading (Thewes et al 2010).
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