Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a Particle Filter Technology for NG Heavy-Duty Engines

Abstract

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The forthcoming introduction of the EURO VII regulation requires urgent strategies and solutions for the reduction of sub-23 nm particle emissions. Although they have been historically considered as particulate matter-free, the high interest for Natural Gas (NG) Heavy-Duty engines in the transport sector, demands their compliance with the new proposed regulations.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to obtain high conversion of gas pollutants and a strong abatement of the emitted particles, the use of Particle Filters in NG aftertreatment (CPF) in conjunction with the Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) may represent an attractive and feasible solution.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Performances of a cordierite filter were explored through an extensive experimental campaign both in Steady-State conditions and during transient engine maneuvers that involved a whole analysis of the emitted particles in terms of number and mass.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This investigation assessed different emitted particle reduction efficiency, highlighting distinct levels between no-load (low idle phases) and load operating conditions.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The analysis was supported by the development of a specific 1D filtration model to evaluate the particles abatement. This model was also validated during a World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC), proving to be a valuable tool for understanding filtration phenomena during critical phases of the cycle.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The tested filter technology showed high filtration efficiency with global levels approaching 90% over the whole cycle, without significant increase in backpressures and fuel consumption.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The performed analysis lays the foundation for the use of innovative and simplified filtration models to support the optimization process of this device in view of the next stringent regulations.</div></div>