Experimental and ANN-based analysis of performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a CI engine fueled with waste plastic oil-diethyl ether-diesel blends.

Measurement of performance and emission distinctiveness of Aegle marmelos seed cake pyrolysis oil/diesel/TBHQ opus powered in a DI diesel engine using ANN and RSM

In this study an experimental investigation has been carried out on diesel engine to understand the engine behaviour with respect to its performance and emission characteristics while using Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) Nano particle as additive with a blend of diesel and biodiesel sourced from Waste Plastic Oil (WPO). The Alumina Nano particles are characterized by X- ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Zeta Potential Analysis. The alumina Nano particles are blended with Waste Plastic Oil in the mass fractions of 10 and 20 ppm using an Ultrasonicator. The experiments are carried out in single cylinder four stroke Variable Compression Ratio diesel engine by varying the load using eddy current dynamometer. The experimental results reveal that there is a significant improvement in the performance characteristics like Brake Thermal Efficiency and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and considerable reduction in the emission constituents like carbon Monoxide (CO) and Unburned Hydrocarbon (HC) and smoke but in turn increase in Nitric oxide (NOx) emissions were observed.

Prediction of engine emissions and performance with artificial neural networks in a single cylinder diesel engine using diethyl ether

This investigation examined the effect of incorporating cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticle into diesel and waste plastic oil (WPO) blends on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the diesel engine. The WPO was extracted from low density polyethylene using plastic pyrolysis. The blending of diesel and WPO with combination of D70:WPO30 and D50:WPO50 was prepared to evaluate the engine operation. Additionally, the spherical sized CeO2 with 50 mg l−1 and 100 mg l−1 was added with this blend. The various blends named as Diesel, D-WPO30, D-WPO30+Ce50, D-WPO30+Ce100, D-WPO50, D-WPO50+Ce50 and D-WPO50+Ce100 were used in this investigation to operate the engine under various load conditions. The experiment was performed using water cooled common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine with prepared D-WPO blend. Different characteristics such as In-cylinder pressure (CP), heat release rate (HRR), ignition delay time (IDT), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and smoke opacity emission are studied with respect to the effect of different blends and applied load used. It was observed that increasing of CeO2 nanoparticles in blend improved the overall performance and emission of the engine. Form the results, D-WPO30+Ce100 blend showed enhanced brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust has temperature (EGT) are 28.2%, 3% and 465 °C respectively. Similarly, reduced emission of CO, NOx, HC and smoke opacity was observed in the CeO2 added blends particularly at 100 mg l−1. It was concluded that among all blends prepared, the D70:WPO30 with 100 mg l−1 of CeO2 showed improved combustion, performance and emission characteristics in proposed diesel engine.

In the present study, the performance parameters of a single-cylinder, air-cooled spark ignition (SI) engine using fusel oil-gasoline fuel blends were predicted by artificial neural network (ANN). The SI engine was operated with gasoline/fusel oil (10% and 20%) blends at different engine load (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000 and 8000 Watt) and compression ratios (8.00, 9.12 and 10.07) to obtain data essential to create the ANN model. In the constructed ANN model, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) are chosen as output parameters, while engine load, compression ratio (CR) and fusel oil ratio are chosen as input factors. 75% of the test results were employed to train the ANN. The performance of ANN model was determined by comparing it with the data produced from the part not used for training. According to the found data, ANN model estimated engine performance parameters such as BTE and BSFC by an overall regression coefficient (R) at 0.99384. Simultaneously, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were found as 5.027% and 7.847% for BTE and BSFC, respectively. When ANN results and experimental results are compared for BTE and BSFC responses, it is determined that ANN results are close to experimental results with an error rate of less than 5%.

The world’s expanding population requires alternative energy sources to meet its energy needs. One such alternative is the efficient recovery of plastic waste through pyrolysis. The liquid produced from waste plastics via pyrolysis is a valuable commodity that may serve as fuel substituted for internal combustion engines. In this study, waste plastic oil (WPO) and diesel fuel (D100) blends (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by volume) obtained by pyrolysis of waste XLPE cables were experimentally investigated and analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM) to determine their effects on the combustion parameters of a four-stroke, single cylinder diesel engine at different engine loads (750, 1500, 2250, 3000, 3750, and 4500 W). A response surface model was constructed using a two-factor central composite complete design and analysis of variance based on the experimental results obtained. The model determined the optimum values of WPO ratio and engine load that correspond to one of the finest brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and smoke emission levels. The study’s optimization findings indicated that the optimal WPO ratio is 19.6%, and the optimal engine load is 2600 W. The BTE, BSFC, CO, HC, NOx, and smoke were found to be 22.3%, 332.3 g/kWh, 0.033%, 31.5 ppm, 397.9 ppm, and 1.63%, respectively, at the optimal WPO ratio and engine load. The R2 (correlation coefficient) values for BTE, BSFC, CO, HC, NOx, and smoke emissions were determined to be 99.95%, 97.76%, 98.10%, 99.74%, 99.74%, 99.79%, and 95.67%, respectively. The mean error rates, ranging from 0.64% to 4.27%, were deemed satisfactory when comparing the replies to the experimental data. The findings of this study demonstrated that the response surface method is a very efficient approach for forecasting and enhancing a diesel engine’s performance and emission characteristics by using waste plastic oil.

ABSTRACTThis research focused on utilizing the waste plastic oil (WPO) effectively in a light-duty direct injection (DI) diesel engine that is predominantly used in the Indian agricultural sector. This approach is critical from the environmental perspective as it provides a solution to two major issues: (1) waste plastic management, which is a challenge for municipalities across the world and (2) reduction of diesel dependency using fuel derived from waste plastic as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. For this purpose, WPO was extracted from mixed waste plastic via catalytic pyrolysis in a lab-scale extraction unit. Later, the effects of oxygenated, renewable n-hexanol addition with baseline diesel and WPO were investigated. Three ternary blends were prepared by splash blending n-hexanol with WPO and diesel: (1) D50-W40-H10, (2) D50-W30-H20, and (3) D50-W20-H30. The performance and tailpipe emission characteristics of DI diesel engine when fueled with these ternary blends were then analyzed in comparison with both neat WPO and diesel operation. Results indicated that D50-W20-H30 presented lower NOx and smoke emissions with 1.5 and 22.8% against diesel and 7.22 and 76.88% against neat WPO, respectively. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was found to deteriorate with increasing n-hexanol fraction to the blend. D50-W20-H30 presented the lowest BTE among the blends, but it showed 7.6% increased BTE when compared to WPO and suffered 6% loss in performance against diesel. Reformulation of WPO with n-hexanol derived from lignocellulosic biomass feedstock presents an attractive opportunity to utilize both a recycled and a renewable fuel in diesel engines.

The present investigation focuses on optimizing and predicting the performance and emission characteristics of common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engines fueled with waste plastic oil (WPO). The WPO is extracted by catalytic pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and analyzed using a response surface methodology (RSM)-assisted artificial neural network (ANN) model. This study illustrates the application of ANN to minimize the experimental iteration and predict the performance and emission responses. The experiments were conducted using WPO blends at different proportions, namely WPO10, WPO30 and WPO50, to obtain the values required for training the ANN model. The ANN model was developed with various performance and emission attributes as the output neuron layers, while compression ratio (CR), WPO ratio and cerium oxide (CeO2) concentrations were considered as the input neuron layers, using controlled data obtained from repeated engine tests. The regression coefficient between the experimental and the ANN values was found to be 0.999, indicating that the proposed ANN model is highly accurate and suitable for predicting performance and emission characteristics. The ANN model attained a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.060766 at 9 epochs. The maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 31.4%, minimum brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 0.20 kg/Kw-hr, reduced emission of carbon monoxide (CO) of 0.021Vol.%, hydrocarbon (HC) of 2.6 ppm and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) of 182 ppm were obtained at the optimal parameters setting; CR of 16, WPO30 blend and CeO2 concentration of 100 mg/L. Furthermore, performance and emission characteristics can be improved by using the WPO30 blend as a substitute for diesel.

Comparative study using RSM and ANN modelling for performance-emission prediction of CI engine fuelled with bio-diesohol blends: A fuzzy optimization approach

Performance improvement and CO and HC emission reduction of variable compression ratio spark-ignition engine using n-pentanol as a fuel additive

This paper focused on the engine characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled using ternary blends. Initially, pumpkin and maize biodiesel were mixed in a volume ratio of 50:50. With a constant 0.5% diethyl ether (DEE) content, the binary combination of pumpkin and maize biodiesel was mixed with diesel at proportions of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, and 50:50 by volume. The prepared ternary mixtures were evaluated at varying engine loads to improve engine performance. Compared to diesel, the tested ternary blends had a reduced brake thermal efficiency (BTE). However, up to a 30% blending ratio, the BTE demonstrated by ternary blends was within the range of less than 0.5% concerning diesel fuel. The ternary blends' BSFC declined as the binary biodiesel mix increased. Diesel has a brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 1.4%, 2.2%, and 3.4% lower than the ternary blends of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The decrease in the heat release rate of the ternary mixes meant that emitted less CO and NOx than diesel. In contrast, ternary blends exhibited an increasing trend in smoke and HC emissions because of the rise in incomplete combustion that occurs as biodiesel content rises. Therefore, with appropriate engine modifications, the pumpkin and maize binary biodiesel blend can replace diesel by up to 30%. KEY WORDS: Biodiesels, Binary blend, DEE, Ternary blend, Efficiency Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 1145-1161. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.26

The increasing energy demand and pollution due to fossil fuels influence the necessity of finding a appropriate alternative fuel for a cleaner environment and to sustain the usage of diesel engines in the automobile sector. This research focuses on such exploration of new alternative fuel (biodiesel) and to study its effect on emission and the performance parameters at a 1500 rpm constant speed on a 4-stroke, single-cylinder, variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine. The biodiesel from the sesbania aculeate seed oil is produced through the transesterification process. The blends of sesbania aculeate oil methyl ester (SAOME) with diesel mixture SAOME10, SAOME20, SAOME30, and SAOME40 are used as fuels at various engine loads (20% to 100%) and different compression ratios (CR) (16.5, 17.5 and 18.5). The emission and performance indicators of the proposed biodiesel are analyzed and an evaluation is made with diesel. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that for SAOME20, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) are respectively 12.3% lesser and 8.21% higher than diesel under peak load at CR 18.5. Also the experimental investigation confirms a significant emission decrease in NOX, HC, and CO when there is an increase in CR and load.

This paper discusses an exploratory analysis of performance and emissions characteristics of a variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine using various compression ratios, nozzle hole configurations, and injection timings. Results will be employed to further elucidate interactions among those parameters as well as their influence upon the operation efficiency and environmental output. An engine was tested on the B20 biodiesel blend from the transesterification of algal oil. The sample, which contained nano-additives with cerium oxide (CeO2) at a concentration of 75 ppm, underwent extensive analysis using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (FTIR). The study included different compression ratios such as 16:1, 17:1, 18:1, and 19:1, utilizing nozzle designs with hole diameters of 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm. Additionally, it also examines the effects of hydrogen injection at time intervals of 3, 4, and 5 ms, aiming to comprehend the interaction between these parameters and their impact on the performance outcome. The presence of CeO2 75 ppm resulted in a significant reduction in emissions, as well as improved combustion efficiency. The configuration resulted in a 6.1% improvement in brake thermal efficiency (BTE), as well as a decrease in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) from 250 g/kWh to 200 g/kWh. Improving the number of holes in the nozzle revealed a drop in the temperature of the exhaust gas up to 250°C. Reduced nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions and improved cylinder pressure accompanied these decreases, thanks to the increased heat release rates generated by hydrogen addition. The addition of CeO2 nanoparticles to the B20 blended fuel, along with modifications to the nozzle hole design and hydrogen injection, not only reduces emission values but also lowers fuel consumption, lowers exhaust gas temperature (EGT), and improves combustion efficiency.

The aim of the present investigation is to examine the characteristics of diesel engine for varying concentrations of diethyl ether (DEE) as an oxygenated additive in repurpose used cooking oil (RUCO) biodiesel and diesel blends. In the beginning, several pilot experimentations are carried out on diesel and B20 blend. Afterward, 0.8%, 1.6%, 2.4%, 3.2%, and 4% of DEE was blended with biodiesel/diesel. The IS standards are followed for investigating the various properties of biodiesel blends. Property investigation results revealed that the increasing concentration of DEE reduces the density, viscosity, calorific value, flash point with increase in cetane number. All the prepared blends are examined on water-cooled diesel engine at six distinct loads and constant engine speed. The investigation revealed that the BTE (brake thermal efficiency) increased by 16.06% while BSFC (brake specific fuel consumption) decreased by 4.12% for 0.8% concentration of DEE in a blend when contrasted with diesel. All tested fuel shows nearly the same trend of BSEC at all loading conditions and compression ratios. Further, the CI engine fueled with biodiesel-DEE-diesel blends has shown 20.41%, 34.69%, and 23.33% a maximum reduction in CO, HC, and NOx emissions as compared to diesel fuel at notable working conditions. The CO2 emission reduced in ternary blends due to lower carbon content in the blend. It can be noted that the minimum 0.8% concentration of DEE at CR15 in the ternary blend provided significant increment in BTE as 16.06%, with a 4.12% reduction in BSFC while CO, HC and NOx emissions minimized by 15.07%, 3.45%, and 14.70% than that of diesel fuel. In minimum concentration of DEE, the A0.8B19.2 blend provided luminous results in both performance and emission characteristics at CR15.

The present experimental investigation is concerned with the comparative evaluation of karanja and jatropha methyl esters (biodiesel) as an alternative fuel in a diesel engine based on the thermal performance and emission characteristics. The experiments are conducted on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct-injection, variable compression ratio (CR), and compression ignition engine and the experimental parameters considered include the engine torque, injection pressure, and CR. Comparative measures of brake thermal efficiency (BTHE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), exhaust gas temperature, smoke opacity, and HC, CO, and NOX emissions are presented and discussed. It is observed that, at full torque, BTHE is lower by 4.4% and 4.5% and BSFC is higher by about 6% and 15% for karanja and jatropha biodiesel, respectively, compared to that of diesel. At a torque of 20 Nm, CO emission levels for karanja are higher by 9% compared to jatropha but lesser by about 11% in comparison with that of diesel. Results show that thermal performance of the engine fuelled with both the biodiesels is generally comparable to that when the engine is fuelled with pure diesel. At higher compression ratios, the engine fuelled with both the biodiesels gives lesser emissions and better performance compared to that of diesel.