Abstract
The umbrella arch method (UAM) is conventionally applied to reinforce the tunnel face when difficult geologic conditions such as water inflow and shallow overburden are encountered. Cement-based grouting is normally used with the UAM to ensure waterproofing or local reinforcement of the tunnel structure. In the present study, the corresponding rheological flow of the penetration grouting in the jointed rock masses was analyzed by modeling field conditions as closely as possible. For this, a special experimental apparatus simulating pipe and grout injection holes in jointed rock masses was developed to investigate the penetration and spreading phenomenon of grout. Grout filling and spreading within the rock joint was recorded and compared with the available analytical solutions according to various parameters such as aperture width and pressure difference. Finally, future work that will entail additional tests of joint roughness and persistence is also discussed.
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