Experience with desalination plants in Libya

A comparative study of RO and MSF desalination plants

A comparative study of RO and MSF desalination plants

Coupling of a nuclear reactor to hybrid RO-MSF desalination plants

Over the past decade, the author, Roger Francis, has looked at some very expensive corrosion failures in desalination plants. Avoiding Corrosion in Desalination Plants tells the reader how to avoid existing corrosion problems and how to avoid them in new builds. This book looks at corrosion problems specific to MSF, MED, and SWRO desalination plants, describing their causes, some solutions, and the relative performance of various materials. It gives advice on procuring materials for desalination plants to avoid quality problems. The world’s population is steadily increasing and with it is an increasing demand for water—for both drinking and irrigation. In many areas of the world, particularly in warmer climates, there are limited sources from rivers and wells, so desalination is being increasingly used to produce water to satisfy both requirements. Although desalination is sometimes carried out on brackish waters and highly saline well waters, most desalination plants generate fresh water from seawater. There are three main processes used in desalination plants, the oldest of which is multistage flash (MSF), where the water is essentially boiled at low pressure and the steam that flashes off is condensed for drinking water. The second process is multiple-effect distillation (MED), in which low-pressure steam is used to force evaporation of seawater and the vapor is then condensed for drinking water. Although actual MSF and MED plants (large-scale) are land based, small-scale units have been fitted to large ships, such as cruise liners, to generate fresh water. The third process is seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO), where chloride is selectively removed from water by forcing it at high pressure through a special membrane. This method involves no heat transfer but requires enough electricity to power the high-pressure pumps that are required. All three of these methods have advantages and disadvantages. This book looks at corrosion problems specific to MSF, MED, and SWRO desalination plants, describing their causes, some solutions, and the relative performance of various materials. It gives advice on procuring materials for desalination plants to avoid quality problems.

Evaluation of Belgard EV 2000 as antiscalant control additive in MSF plants

Process control is an essential part of the desalination industry that requires to be operated under optimum conditions to increase the lifetime of the plant and reduce the unit product cost. Improved process control is a cost-effective approach to energy conservation and increased process profitability. The Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) plant involves many complicated operations related to steam, chemicals and seawater. These include variable capacity, slow dynamics, deadtime characteristics due to certain load changes, significant effects of small deviations from design conditions on plant operation, effects of power plant output conditions on the desalination plant, instability due to disturbances in steam supply and water temperature variations. Keeping in view the above criticalities, the selection of an effective control system becomes inevitable. This paper aims at identifying various types of control loop available in an MSF plant, selection of control elements, type of control strategy needed for it and integrating the whole system for supervisory control.

Potential of nuclear desalination in the Arabian Gulf countries

Hybrid desalting systems

Control of multi-stage flash desalination plants: A survey

Exergy and thermoeconomic evaluation of MSF process using a new visual package

Exergy analysis of major recirculating multi-stage flash desalting plants in Saudi Arabia

6. For a machine for grinding bark; merrit hurd, Augusta, Oneida county, New York, May 5

Impact of desalination plants fluid effluents on the integrity of seawater, with the Arabian Gulf in perspective

Physical and chemical assessment of MSF distillate and SWRO product for drinking purpose

This paper presents a methodology and practical guidelines for developing predictive models for large-scale commercial water desalination plants by (1) a data-based approach using neural networks based on the backpropagation algorithm and (2) a model-based approach using process simulation with advanced software tools ASPEN PLUS and SPEEDUP and compares the relative merits of the two approaches. This study utilizes actual operating data from two of the largest multistage flash (MSF) and reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants in the world. Our resulting neural network and process simulation models are capable of accurately predicting the actual operating data from commercial MSF desalination plants, but the accuracy of a neural network model depends on both the proper selection of input variables and the broad range of data with which the network is trained. A neural network model can handle noisy data more effectively than statistical regression and performs better in predicting the performance variables of both MSF and RO desalination plants. Our neural network model compares favorably with recent neural network models developed by others in accurately predicting actual operating data from commercial MSF desalination plants. When compared to a data-based neural network, a properly validated model-based process simulation (as in the case of MSF desalination plants) can more effectively quantify the effects of varying operating variables on the desalination performance variables. When it is difficult to develop a model-based process simulation (as in the case of RO desalination plants), we can use a data-based neural network to accurately predict the desalination performance variables.