Abstract
Female birds of egg-laying hens are more valuable than males, because males bird have no commercial value. The opportunity to manipulate offspring sex ratio in poultry has been observed in female birds; hence, female birds have heterogametic ZW chromosomes. High progesterone concentration 2-5 h before ovulation is thought to affect the segregation of female sex chromosomes as the basis for determining the sex of offspring. This study aimed to investigate the effect of progesterone induction in Arabic hens, which was conducted 5 h before ovulation, along with the time of the first meiosis; therefore, segregation of sex chromosomes leading to an increase in female offspring. The study utilized on 60 Arabic hens divided into three treatment groups: Without injection (P0), progesterone injection 1 mg/hen, (P1), progesterone injection 2 mg/hen (P2). The results showed that the percentage of female offspring at P0 and P1 was 54.74 and 53.33%, respectively, while P2 hens resulted in 62.92% females, the highest female offspring rate than the other groups. Chi-square analysis of sex ratio showed that P0 and P1 hens had no significant effect (P>0.05) while P2 hens being significant (P<0.05) from the expected sex ratio (50:50). Progesterone concentration of hens produced female offspring in the P2 group was 7.15 ng/ml being highly significant (P<0.05) than that found in the hens produced male offspring (4.53 ng/ml). Progesterone 5 h preceding ovulation in the Arabic hens with a 2 mg/hen dose can increase the proportion of female offspring; therefore, an opportunity for sex ratio manipulation in Arabic chickens.
Highlights
Arabic chickens are very popular among farmers in Indonesia as one of the local laying hens; they have a high productivity of eggs than other native chickens, with no nestling traits and are more resistant to disease
Gold Arabic chickens have better egg production than Silvers, while Gold Arabic chickens are preferred by the local layer chicken industry (Indra et al, 2013)
Treatment of progesterone injection in Arabic hen resulted in varying target egg numbers
Summary
Arabic chickens are very popular among farmers in Indonesia as one of the local laying hens; they have a high productivity of eggs than other native chickens, with no nestling traits and are more resistant to disease. Gold Arabic chickens have better egg production than Silvers, while Gold Arabic chickens are preferred by the local layer chicken industry (Indra et al, 2013). The Arabic chicken industry's major problem is how to increase female offspring higher than males because males do not give economic benefits. This problem makes farmers look for an avenue to manipulate the sex ratio of hatched chicks, minimizing Day Old Chick (DOC) with unwanted sex. Manipulation of the sex ratio of chicken breeds aims to increase the number of offspring of one sex in a population and suppress the acquisition of unnecessary sex (Afriani et al, 2011)
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