Exodus 2:1-10 and Dialectics on Maternal Virtues in Contemporary Igboland, Nigeria

Розглянуто механізми державного управління в галузі надання соціальної підтримки дітям, які проживають у сім’ях, що перебувають у складних життєвих обставинах в Україні. Проаналізовано коло законодавчих актів, якими керуються державні органи, що працюють з цією категорією. Розкрито проблематику питання в площині реформи децентралізації влади. Акцентовано увагу на кризі інституту сім’ї та явищі соціального сирітства. Подано роздуми щодо ролі соціальної держави та спроможності батьків виконувати свої обов’язки.

Social Contexts of the Beginning of the 20th Century and Counseling for Parents in the Field of Care and Education in Poland The beginning of the 20th century was a period of great popularity of guidebooks for parents, which often dealt with issues related to the care and upbringing of children in the family, and the authors focused especially on the role of the mother, assigning it a special meaning. The aim of the article is to present the content of counseling for parents on the care and upbringing of children at the beginning of the 20th century in Poland. The article also presents the position of the educators and psychologists of the time on the issues related to the upbringing and care of children in the family environment. The analyzes include publications that appeared in Poland in a period of political change that initiated changes in the approach to the tasks of the family regarding upbringing and childcare. The independence of Poland enabled the development of native pedagogical thought, which resulted in the implementation of new ideas and the creation of new concepts of education.

The purpose of the article is to reveal the main theoretical aspects of the history of the Ukrainian folk movement games development from the past to the present. Research methods. To achieve the purpose of the article, the following theoretical methods have been used: analysis of scientific and methodological, and historical literature, scientific works of researchers and Internet sources; comparison; synthesis; systematization and generalization of information. Results. The article is devoted to the study of the history of the Ukrainian folk movement games development as an important element of the national cultural heritage. The analysis of the different sources allowed us to reveal the theoretical aspect of the Ukrainian folk movement games development in the following main areas: the formation of the game as a social historical phenomenon; the emergence of the Ukrainian folk movement game; the importance of the Ukrainian folk movement game for children; the use of the Ukrainian folk movement game at the present stage. The game is a social phenomenon that occupies an important place both in society and in each person’s life. It has much in common with labour, as it includes purposeful efforts to achieve a goal, causes joy from success, victory or a successfully performed action, and also reflects relationships in the team. Ukrainian folk movement games arose in ancient times as a natural means to develop children’s physical and moral qualities, as well as a form of transmitting traditions, values, and experience from generation to generation. Their versatility makes it possible not only to entertain, but also to teach, educate, strengthen health and form a sense of unity with the national culture. Through the history of the Ukrainian folk movement games development, one can trace the stages of the formation of Ukrainian society, its customs, rituals, worldview and peculiarities of everyday life. Many of these games are closely related to natural conditions, agricultural work, holidays and rituals; it emphasizes their integration into the lives of Ukrainians. By studying the history of the Ukrainian folk movement games development, children and young people learn about the origin of games, their symbols, rules and attributes. This enriches their worldview and strengthens the connection with the national culture. Ukrainian folk movement games for children have cultural, educational and educational significance, because the game is an integral part of the national heritage; also, they have universal significance, due to promoting the development of communication, forming a sense of justice, teaching teamwork, developing intelligence, endurance and creative thinking. Ukrainian folk movement games play an important role in the formation of a harmonious personality and the transmission of cultural experience from generation to generation. One of the most important functions of Ukrainian folk movement games is their ability to adapt to modern conditions and at the same time preserve historical and cultural authenticity. The use of such games in the educational process helps to form children’s love for their roots, respect for traditions and an understanding of their uniqueness. Conclusions. The history of the Ukrainian folk movement games development is a vivid reflection of the culture, traditions and worldview of our people. They played an important role in the upbringing of children, contributed to physical development, the formation of moral qualities, the development of communication skills and the strengthening of social ties. Reflecting the life, customs and rituals of different regions of Ukraine, folk games served not only as a means of entertainment, but also as a way of transferring experience, knowledge and cultural values from generation to generation.

Non-formal education is a social phenomenon that actively complements the traditional educational and scientific activities of classical educational universities. The "Third mission" of universities - education outside the classroom - is an actively developing movement in advanced countries, providing individuals with opportunities for self-development, self-realization, gaining new knowledge and practical experience. Understanding the "third" mission is an important component of success, as the social activities significantly increase the competitiveness of educational institutions in the educational services market. At this difficult time, when Ukrainian educational institutions are recovering from the Cowid-19 pandemic and Russian troops are deliberately destroying key civilian infrastructure, educators are gaining a unique opportunity to test new ways of transmitting knowledge, skills and attitudes. Non-formal education has an opportunity to implement multidisciplinary knowledge and skills directly in communities, shaping this way the values of a democratic society. This publication aims at assessing the achievements of the Carpathian School educational project and discussing ways to further develop multidisciplinary programs in response to the social demands of local communities. The issues of non-formal education are extremely important for Ukraine, especially in martial law, when uncertainty in the formation of the social consciousness of citizens is exacerbated by global political, economic and environmental challenges. The case study of the International Carpathian School gives the practice of organizing non-formal education. The Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv together with partner universities, NGOs and National Nature Parks, organized the School on the border of Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi regions, in the centre of the Hutsul land. The existing network of universities, strengthened by public organizations, government and business institutions, has good prospects for establishing educational programs to support sustainable development (SD) in the Carpathian region. Authors state that non-formal education has effective tools for the formation of worldview principles of the XXI century, professional orientation and socially responsible social behaviour of the young generation

The beginning of Exodus relates, in two narratives, how the survival of one infant was ensured by five women: first by Shiphrah and Puah, then by Moses' mother and sister and Pharaoh's daughter. Several comic elements enhance a reading of these episodes, and comic characterization particularly heightens the narrative's boundary‐drawing ‘us’ and ‘them’ function, a function of comedy that here subverts power and enables survival. The challenge in these narratives for feminist interpretation, however, is that, regardless of how positively and prominently women are portrayed, all their activity moves in one direction: towards the benefit of a single male. Furthermore, while comedy is delighted at being launched as a weapon against foreign power, feminist critique remains dismayed at seeing women strapped to that weapon as it is being launched.

Introduction and General Christopher T. Begg, John Thomas Willis, J. Harold Ellens, Gerald A. Klingbeil, Andrew E. Steinmann, Isaac M. Alderman, and Todd R. Hanneken 2023. Anna Angelini et al. (compilers), Bulletin de Bibliographie biblique [BiBIL] 24 (2016). Pp. xii + 774. Paper ISSN 1421-2994. This comprehensive bibliography of current books and articles on the Bible (OT and NT) in its various dimensions is organized under the following seven main headings (each of which has its component subheadings): (1) Study of the Bible as a Whole; (2) Old Testament; (3) Books of the Old Testament; (4) New Testament Milieu; (5) New Testament; (6) Books of the New Testament; and (7) Ancient Christianity. It lists as well studies of particular topics ("vedettes libres"), and of Hebrew and Greek words. In some cases, summaries of a given book or article are included, along with indications where the item may be found on-line.—C.T.B. 2024. William P. Brown, A Handbook to Old Testament Exegesis (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2017). Pp. xv + 363. Paper $35. ISBN 978-0-664-25993-8. B.'s handbook opens with a segment called "preface and place" that provides an orientation to its presentation of various exegetical perspectives and approaches. It then continues with four major parts, each of these consisting of one or more chapters, with an "interlude" (chap. 14, "From Text to Table," between the 2nd and 3rd parts). Part I: Getting Started comprises three chapters: (1) A Hermeneutical Adventure; (2) Self-Exegesis; and (3) First Impressions. Part II: Analytical Approaches features 10 chapters: (4) Translation; (5) Text-critical Analysis; (6) Stylistic Analysis I: Poetry; (7) Stylistic Analysis II: Narrative; (8) Structural Analysis; (9) Compositional Analysis; (10) Comparative Analysis; (11) Literary Analysis; (12) Historical Analysis; and (13) Canonical Analysis. Part III: Readings in Place comprises: (15) Science; (16) Ecology; (17) Gender I; (18) Gender II; (19) Empire; (20) Minority; (21) Disability; and (22) Theology. Part IV: Communication is made up a single chapter: (23) Retelling the Text. The volume's end-matter includes [End Page 661] a glossary of exegetical terms, and indexes of Scripture and other ancient sources and of subjects and names.—C.T.B. 2025. Douglas S. Earl, Reading Old Testament Narrative as Christian Scripture (JTISup 17; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2017). Pp. xiv + 369. Paper $39.95. ISBN 078-1-57406-758-2. E. sets out a fresh perspective on understanding what is involved in reading OT narrative as Christian Scripture. In so doing, he considers various narratives as examples that model different challenges in the form of exegetical, ethical, historical, metaphysical, and theological difficulties. Using these examples, he explores the significance of interpretative approaches focused on, e.g., authorial intention, history of composition, canonical context, reception history, and reading context in conjunction with spiritual, literary, structuralist, existential, historical-critical, and ethical-critical approaches. On this basis, E. shows that Christian interpretation of Scripture as Scripture is an inherently ad hoc enterprise, understood as a rule-governed practice in L. Wittgenstein's sense: an established, goal-directed activity for which no method, hermeneutical principle, or critical perspective discovers "meaning" or generates good interpretation. Good interpretation rather involves exploration of various construals of "the world of the text" using "hermeneutics of tradition" and "critique of ideology" (P. Ricoeur). The interpreter's task is to discern faithful readings and develop their significance in a given intellectual or cultural context. The interpretation of Scripture and its appropriation is further seen to involve wisdom in forming judgments on a case-by-case basis, something that is learned through examples and experience, on what constitutes good interpretation and use. E. likewise shows how traditional hermeneutics and contemporary critical resources suggest that history, ethics, and theology can rarely be "read off" OT narrative, but also how Christians can appropriate ethically and historically problematic books such as Joshua, faithfully adopt a "minimalist" approach to 1 and 2 Samuel, and embrace a Trinitarian reading of Genesis 1. The volume comprises a Prologue and an Epilogue ("Reading Old Testament Narrative as Christian Scripture as a Task Best Left Jagged") that frame a series of nine chapters: Genesis 34: Analysis of Why an Old...

As researchers increasingly utilize systems science simulation modeling (SSSM), little is known about how and by whom SSSMs are being leveraged to address inequities in access to healthy diets. We evaluated the extent to which studies (n = 66) employing SSSM to examine retail food environments (RFEs): included three pillars of equity (social position, human capital, socioeconomic and political context) that shape RFEs and access to healthy diets; grounded model design and development in theory; engaged with diverse stakeholders and lived experiences related to RFEs; and translated model findings towards addressing inequities in RFEs. Most studies (n = 58) included some model characteristics related to social position (e.g., age). Characteristics related to human capital (e.g., meal planning skills) were the least integrated fundamental pillar (n = 15). All studies included some characteristics related to socioeconomic and political context; however, we found little to no incorporation of social contexts (e.g., cultural and societal norms). Regarding model design and development, less than one-third of studies specified theoretical frameworks or engaged with local domain experts and stakeholders. While certain research objectives and, consequently, model types lend themselves better than others to address key pillars that influence RFEs, findings show that models are not fully leveraging SSSMs to analyze the multiple, interacting dimensions - particularly social phenomena - influencing equity in access to healthy diets. Greater attention to engaging stakeholders and the role of human capital and social contexts will likely better equip models to more holistically examine equitable food access, including essential pathways and unintended consequences of programs and policies.

Abstract: This article reports on an ongoing research project that aims to build a foundation for research on Moroccan Sign Language (MSL) by creating a large-scale MSL corpus. The research results of a feasibility study are provided. MSL is largely understudied, and there is considerable stigma against deafness and sign language use in Morocco. This work addresses these issues by engaging community members in the documentation process. A major social benefit of the development of this corpus relates to equity and the status of deaf people in Moroccan society. Ultimately, this project can lead to the creation of more appropriate resources for the bilingual education of deaf children (in MSL and Standard Arabic) and for sign language teaching, which will, in turn, improve the quality of educational and interpreting services for deaf people and provide more opportunities for self-development and employment. The creation of an MSL corpus is also crucial for a better understanding of MSL grammar and the sociolinguistic situation of MSL, as this will lead to more studies investigating factors such as the multilingual linguistic environment, gender, regional variation, family, and education.

The autonomy of the family in the modern world Editorial Ladies and Gentlemen, The current issue of our journal is devoted to the widely recognized issue of the autonomy of the family in the modern world. In every human being’s life family plays a special role: it meets the existential needs of its members, introduces children to the world of moral, social, legal rules, shapes the attitudes of its members and teaches them responsibility for their lives and lives of their loved ones. In accordance with Article 18 of the Constitution of 1997 the Republic of Poland guarantees legal protection and care of the family, marriage, motherhood and parenthood. On the one hand the state is obliged to take action that establish the best conditions for the functioning of the family and strengthening marriage and family ties, on the other hand – it is obliged to protect the family from the situations threatening its structure, implementation of its tasks and its functions. In accordance with Article 71 of the Constitution, in all its actions, public authorities should be guided by the principle of best interests of the family. State institutions are obliged to respect the autonomy of the family, the principle of the primacy of parents in the upbringing of children, privacy, family life, honor, good name and the right to make decisions about their personal lives (Articles 47; 48; 53; 70 of the Constitution). The Republic of Poland plays subsidiary role in relation to the tasks entrusted to the family. The state has an obligation to support the family. It may interfere in family competence only if a family is unable to fulfill its functions properly. The same principle applies in many other countries around the world. But there are such states which grant public institutions a broad right to interfere in family life and in which the principle of autonomy of the family seems to be at stake. Thus many question arises: Is family still autonomous in the modern world? Are parents autonomous in upbringing their children? Is private and family life successfully protected from the interference of public institutions or media? In the current issue of ‘Horizons of Education’ you will find papers - written by foreign and Polish authors, on issues relating to various aspects of the autonomy of the family in the modern world. You will learn about author’s arguments against the admissibility of adoption of a child by a homosexual person in light of the best interests of the child principle in accordance with its understanding in Polish family law. You will read about the changes of autonomy in the family from the middle, to the modern and across the contemporary times through the conceptions of collective mentalities, private space and sociability and governmentality. Then you will learn about how the autonomy of the family forms an obstacle in preventing and identifying assault of children. You will find out how social behaviors generated by the indiscriminate use of the technologies (the mobile phones and the social networks) endanger the communication between the members of the Mexican families. Then you will read on how strategic learning techniques could constitute measures enhancing the visibility of the cognitive process of learning. You will also find out how race can be a salient factor in how people experience, inhabit the world and consequently family. On behalf of the entire Editorial Board I wish you an enjoyable and beneficial read. Marta Prucnal-Wojcik

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore social phenomena like social inequality by looking at how they were portrayed in a novel through allegorical elements. MethodThis research employed a descriptive qualitative method to analyze social phenomena, specifically social inequality, as reflected in the novel 86 by Okky Mandasary. Through content analysis, the study examines words, phrases, and sentences to uncover implicit meanings conveyed through symbolism. Qualitative research is suitable as it explores meanings in verbal forms. Such a descriptive analysis helps identify and interpret societal issues represented in the literary text. FindingsThe novel reflects societal issues like corruption, sexual deviation, and criminality through allegorical elements. These problems are portrayed as diseases affecting society’s structure. Internal factors like personal desire and opportunity along with external societal influences drive these behaviors. Through content analysis, this study explores how the novel reveals social pathologies as ongoing social phenomena. ConclusionThis descriptive qualitative content analysis demonstrates that Novel 86 by Okky Madasari functions as a powerful allegory, exposing entrenched social pathologies—corruption, sexual deviation, and criminality—as ongoing societal maladies. The study underscores the value of literary examination in uncovering the complex interplay of individual motivations and broader societal influences that perpetuate these issues.

This research examines the text analysis of online learning news in the COVID-19 era using the critical discourse analysis approach of the Teun A. van Dijk model. Teun A. van Dijk's critical discourse analysis research has three elements: text elements, social cognition elements, and social context. The text element is divided into macrostructure, superstructure, and microstructure. In the microstructure, two elements are to be analyzed: semantic and syntactic. This study aims to compare text elements, social cognition elements, and social context contained in the coverage of online learning in the COVID-19 era in German and Indonesian online newspapers. The object of this research focuses on three online newspapers, namely Süddeutsche Zeitung, Deutsche Welle, and Kompas. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. Data analysis techniques were collected by analyzing three elements of text: social cognition and social context. Then, the data were classified using tables to be compared and concluded. The results of the analysis of text elements in German and Indonesian online newspapers have similarities in which the text describes the relationship between the title of the discourse in the story and the content and cover, also has reasons that support the core topic and has direct quotes and coherence intertwined between schemes in the story, there are also important facts that are in the news. Furthermore, the elements of social cognition and context found media bias and social issues established by the news text. Based on the results of the study, a critical attitude when reading news is needed so that the audience is well-informed and understands the context of the news.Keywords: Text Analysis, Critical Discourse Analysis, Online Newspapers, German Online Newspapers

PurposeVerbal abuse of the aged people in later life is a matter of grave concern in contemporary times. Aged people are abused by family members, relatives and neighbors in the form of yelling, taunting, swearing and threats, among other things. These abusive behaviors have the greatest influence on their social standing and well-being, and they cause society and families to dismantle their social networks as a result. This study aims to understand the nature of verbal elder abuse as a social phenomenon under the theoretical framework of sociocultural paradigm and examines the causes.Design/methodology/approachThe descriptive phenomenology method has been applied in this study. The study has been conducted on a sample of 60 elderly living in Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh. The concern of using descriptive phenomenology in the present study is to understand the nature of verbal abuse against the elderly systematically by exploring cultural, situational and social aspects of verbal abuse in Indian society. This method analyzes the reality behind the verbal elder abuse as a social phenomenon and relationship between elderly and their abusers.FindingsThe study finds an increase in verbal elder abuse in Indian families, which can range from psychological torture to physical torture, and includes insults, humiliation and neglecting the needs of the elderly for food, clothing, shelter and medical attention. The study also points out that reduction in attachment is as a responsible factor for verbal abuse with the elderly in modern times.Originality/valueThis is an original paper. This paper talks about the most concerning issue of verbal abuse which is faced by aged people in their family and society. Basically, this paper has applied the descriptive phenomenological method for the analysis of verbal elder abuse as a social phenomenon in the sociocultural context of Indian society.

Gendered narratives of teacher education often rely on research studies that examine the living contradictions of practice in a fast globalizing educational reform ensemble. Here, I argue that it is equally important for women in the academy of teacher education to conduct critical feminist research into the gendered construction of teacher education in macro policy landscapes to reveal, challenge, and change the new hegemonic masculinities at play in higher education in contemporary times. In this study, I conduct a critical feminist scrutiny of this macro policy problem, structures, strictures, and cultural symbols that increasingly contain the gendered construction of teacher education in an ecosystem in higher education imbued with patriarchy and elite conservativism. I selected for scrutiny two recent OECD policy texts, concerned with the problem of inclusion and the framing of gendered relations. A critical feminist discourse analysis of the policy documents in relation to the problem of gender justice shows that the gendered construction of teacher education in this fast globalizing reform ensemble fails to trouble a new consciousness for egalitarian gender relations. The study found that constraints and failures can be explained, if not fully, by the privileging of new hegemonic masculinities in the framing of teacher education at the macro policy level. My argument is centered on a reflexive view of teacher education as an academic and ethical study of human development and change that needs to foreground egalitarian gender relations for emancipatory practices that can offer hope and solidarity in transformative ways that can inspire deep learning and deep democracy.

The article deals with the image of Pharisaism as a multidimensional and complex phenomenon with a wide semantic field. The authors trace the way of formation of this image, from the text of the New Testament and the writings of the Holy fathers of the Church, to the analysis of the meanings of this concept in modern Orthodox literature. The authors distinguish and consider various aspects of the image of Pharisaism: moral, religious-psychological, existential. These aspects reflect different features of the image, but in the aggregate they give an opportunity to describe the whole image of Pharisaism. The article contents the analysis of Pharisaism as a distorted form of religious consciousness, and a comparative analysis between the Pharisaism and the true religiosity, as it is understood in the tradition of Russian religious philosophy, is carried out. The authors also analyze the manifestations of Pharisaism at the level of social and religious phenomena, which allows them to move from the consideration of Pharisaism as an internal order phenomenon to its analysis as a social phenomenon. The article raises the question of the institutionalization of Pharisaism as one of the problems accompanying the modern religious revival in Russia. The authors make correlations between Pharisaism as a personal phenomenon and Pharisaism at the institutional level. Based on this comparative analysis, the authors conclude that Pharisaism at the social level accompanies the process of institutionalization of religion.

This essay aims to serve as an intervention in the longstanding controversy about the political usefulness of Foucault's work. As I have argued elsewhere, this debate privileges Foucault's early and middle work and either ignores his later work or trivializes it as merely aesthetic.1 This seems odd given that Foucault's later work clearly focuses on ethics in a broad sense, in other words, ethics as embedded in social and historical systems and political contexts. While Foucault's early and middle work (his archaeologies and genealogies, respectively) emphasize the ways that subjects are constituted through language, practices and institutions (all of which normalize), his later work focuses on practices of the self that aim at freedom. I believe that Foucault's focus on ethics in his later work is not a departure from his earlier work, but a continuation of the exploration of the relationship between subjectivity, and historical and social context. In this essay I examine the notions of parrhesia and governmentality, both of which are discussed in Foucault's later work, as mediating relations between individuals and the State. And I explore the potential of friendship, also discussed in Foucault's later work, to transform individuals, social relations and the State. As is well known, a number of critics argue that Foucault's work undermines liberatory political projects because of its notions of the subject, power, and norms.2 American feminist critics have been particularly wary of Foucault, and in turn have shifted the direction of Anglo-American feminism away from Foucault in particular and postmodernism in general. Feminists continue to disagree about the political usefulness of Foucault's work. Because feminism is not merely a philosophical approach, but a political project that aims to end women's oppression, figuring out whether Foucault is "feminist friendly" has important implications not only philosophically, but also politically. For this reason I foeus on the feminist criticisms of Foucault. Feminists turn to Foucault's work on the care of the self and the practices of the self to see if it can serve as a corrective to what they see as an overly determined conception of subjectivity in his earlier works.3 Although some find resources in Foucault's later work to think about agency, freedom, and autonomy, they criticize the notion of the subject in Foucault's later works as merely aesthetic and individualistic. I show that Foucault's later work on the self is not simply about an aesthetic and individualized self as critics claim.41 argue that for Foucault, as for feminists, self-transformation is an ethical project that requires relationships, including friendships. As noted above, not all feminists dismiss Foucault. Many have found his notions of power-knowledge, and his criticism of universals helpful in exposing the masculinist bias of the history of traditional Western philosophy. His focus on the body, too, provides resources for feminism, as I argue in Feminism, Foucault and Embodied Subjectivity. Here I hope to not only counter feminist criticisms of Foucault, but also to further explore the convergence between the concerns of feminists and Foucault by examining the issue of friendship as a morally significant and politically important relationship. In an interview three years before his death, "Friendship as a Way of Life," Foucault explores the idea of friendship between gay men as a non-normalizing relationship, a relationship outside of current social strictures and limitations. In this interview and in other later essays and interviews, one of Foucault's central concerns is freedom. The freedom that Foucault advocates is not simply the negative freedom characterized as freedom from restrictions (indeed, this type of freedom is neither desirable nor possible according to Foucault). Rather he argues in essays such as "What is Enlightenment?" and "Care of the Self as a Practice of Freedom," that freedom involves engaged social critique that aims at both self-transformation and social transformation. …