Abstract
We present the first lattice QCD study of up to 3S and 2P bottomonia at non-zero temperatures. Correlation functions of bottomonia were computed using novel bottomonium operators and a variational technique, within the lattice non-relativistic QCD framework. We analyzed the bottomonium correlation functions based on simple physically-motivated spectral functions. We found evidence of sequential in-medium modifications, in accordance with the sizes of the bottomonium states.
Highlights
Quarkonium suppression has been proposed as a signature of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation in heavyion collisions [1]
In this work we set the spin-average energy of 1S bottomonium, E1S = (Eηb + 3EΥ)/4, to be the zero of the mass/energy, and quote masses/energies of the rest of the bottomonium states with respect to these baselines for each lattice spacing. (Note that, in Ref. [40] this baseline was set by the ηb energy level.) The reason being E1S remains unaffected by the spin-spin interaction, which is difficult to reproduce accurately using tree-level non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) Lagrangian used in this study
This lattice QCD study was made possible through the introduction of novel bottomonium operators within the lattice NRQCD framework, and implementation of a variational analysis based on these novel operators
Summary
Quarkonium suppression has been proposed as a signature of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation in heavyion collisions [1]. The main idea behind this proposal was the observation that color screening within a deconfined medium can make the interaction between the heavy quark and anti-quark short ranged, leading to the dissolution of quarkonia in QGP. Following the hierarchy of their binding energy and sizes, a sequential pattern of in-medium modification is expected [2, 3]. Hints for sequential in-medium modification of bottomonia have been observed in heavy-ion collision experiments [18,19,20,21,22]. While the connection between the observed hierarchy of the Υ(nS) yields in heavy-ion collisions and the expected sequential melting of these states in QGP is complicated
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