Abstract
We experimentally study the excitation modes of bright matter-wave solitons in a quasi-one-dimensional geometry. The solitons are created by quenching the interactions of a Bose-Einstein condensate of cesium atoms from repulsive to attractive in combination with a rapid reduction of the longitudinal confinement. Adeliberate mismatch of quench parameters allows for the excitation of breathing modes of the emerging soliton and for the determination of its breathing frequency as a function of atom number and confinement. In addition, we observe signatures of higher-order solitons and the splitting of the wave packet after the quench. Our experimental results are compared to analytical predictions and to numerical simulations of the one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
Highlights
We experimentally study the excitation modes of bright matter-wave solitons in a quasi-one-dimensional geometry
Bright matter-wave solitons are created in quasi-1D systems by quenching the particle interaction in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) from repulsive to attractive [5]
In this Letter, we experimentally study the excitation modes of a single bright matter-wave soliton
Summary
We experimentally study the excitation modes of bright matter-wave solitons in a quasi-one-dimensional geometry. We probe the fundamental breathing mode of a single soliton by measuring its oscillation frequency and the time evolution of its density profile. We observe signatures of higher-order matter-wave solitons, which can be interpreted as stable excitations with periodic oscillations of the density profile and phase, or as a bound state of overlapping modes [3,13].
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