Examining the effects of digital devices on students’ learning performance and motivation in an enhanced one-to-one environment: a longitudinal perspective

Abstract

ABSTRACT The electronic schoolbag (eSchoolbag) is an enhanced one-to-one computing environment compatible with various digital devices. The eSchoolbag provides instructors with an intelligent teaching management system. It also offers students a highly interactive learning environment. However, findings of students’ performance in the eSchoolbag environment are mixed due to the great variety of digital devices. Moreover, the research on the temporal change in students’ motivation in the eSchoolbag environment is still in its infancy. This study addressed these gaps by examining the longitudinal changes in students’ performance and motivation in two types of eSchoolbag environments: a computer class and a tablet class. A total of 102 students participated in this study for one year. Findings from this research suggested that the tablet class performed better than the computer class, and students’ utility value and cognitive cost towards the eSchoolbag changed over time. These findings inform the successful implementation of eSchoolbag programmes.