Abstract
Temporal binding refers to the subjective temporal compression between actions and their outcomes. It is widely used as an implicit measure of sense of agency, that is, the experience of controlling our actions and their consequences. One of the most common measures of temporal binding is the paradigm developed by Haggard, Clark and Kalogeras (2002) based on the Libet clock stimulus. Although widely used, it is not clear how sensitive the temporal binding effect is to the parameters of the clock stimulus. Here, we present five experiments examining the effects of clock speed, number of clock markings and length of the clock hand on binding. Our results show that the magnitude of temporal binding increases with faster clock speeds, whereas clock markings and clock hand length do not significantly influence temporal binding. We discuss the implications of these results.
Highlights
The sense of agency refers to the feeling of control over actions and their effects (Haggard, 2005). Synofzik et al (2008) propose a distinction between explicit sense of agency, which represents the higher order explicit judgments/attributions of agency, and implicit sense of agency, which represents the low-level, non-conceptual feeling of control over actions and events
We investigated the effect of changes in clock speed, the number of clock markings and clock hand length
The experiments presented in this paper found that changes in the Libet clock rotation speed seem to increase temporal binding, whereas manipulations of clock markings or the length of the clock hand do not seem to have a significant effect
Summary
The sense of agency refers to the feeling of control over actions and their effects (Haggard, 2005). Synofzik et al (2008) propose a distinction between explicit sense of agency, which represents the higher order explicit judgments/attributions of agency, and implicit sense of agency, which represents the low-level, non-conceptual feeling of control over actions and events. One widely used implicit measure of sense of agency is temporal (or intentional) binding (Haggard et al, 2002). This measure is based on changes in time perception that accompany voluntary action. On the outside perimeter of the clock face, a spot rotated around the clock at a speed of one revolution every 2560 ms Participants used this clock to estimate the time they became aware of their intentions to act (“W judgments”), the time they performed actions (“M judgments”), and the time they perceived a somatosensory stimulus touch their skin (“S judgments”). It is unclear whether and to what extent these clock stimulus parameters modulate temporal binding
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