Abstract
Domestic ceramic industrial demand requires intensive searches for a new source of ball clay with acceptable quality. Analysis of clay samples derived from a new seam in Payao province, northern Thailand was performed using a series of techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and L*a*b* color space method. Geological study of this clay seam showed the division into 5 sub-layers, from top to bottom, and was coded as KR, KC KA, KB and KQ respectively. The main minerals found in these clays were illite, quartz, kaolinite and rutile with a trace of clinochlore. KQ was quartzitic with a relatively low clay mineral content. KR was reddish due to the high content of iron bearing mineral. This clay was least refractory so it was not attractive for high firing white ware industry. In KB layer, large particles of plant relicts were generally observed so it showed abnormal distribution of the particle size and a substantial thermal weight loss. KA and KC showed the greatest potential for utilisation in whiteware industry. These clay samples were off-white after firing at 1150 °C.
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