Abstract
ABSTRACT: In vitro tests are performed to evaluate the efficacy of antimycotoxins additives (AMAs); nevertheless, such assays show a low correlation with in vivo trials, which are also required to determine AMAs’ efficacy. In search of an alternative method, the current study investigated the use of an ex vivo technique. Six AMAs (AMA1 to AMA6) had their ability to reduce intestinal absorption of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) evaluated. Jejunal explants were obtained from broilers and subjected to two treatments per AMA in Ussing chambers: T1 (control) - 2.8 mg/L AFB1, and T2 - 2.8 mg/L AFB1 + 0.5% AMA. AMAs were also tested in vitro to assess adsorption of AFB1 in artificial intestinal fluid. In the ex vivo studies, AMA1 to AMA6 decreased intestinal absorption of AFB1 by 67.11%, 73.82%, 80.70%, 85.86%, 86.28% and 82.32%, respectively. As for the in vitro results, AMA1 to AMA6 presented an adsorption of 99.72%, 99.37%, 99.67%, 99.53%, 99.04% and 99.15%, respectively. The evaluated ex vivo model proved useful in the assessment of AMAs. No correlation was reported between ex vivo and in vitro findings. Further studies are needed to elucidate the correlation between ex vivo and in vivo results seeking to reduce animal testing.
Highlights
Antimycotoxins additives (AMAs) are among the multiple approaches used to detoxify aflatoxin-contaminated feedstuffs (OGUZ, 2012)
Exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the presence or not of an AMA was performed after having consolidated the technique in the Ussing chambers (UC) with verification of intestinal absorption at different times (Figure 2)
There was a lower concentration of the toxin in the intestinal explant in the presence of all AMAs in comparison to the explant exposed to AFB1 alone (P < 0.0001)
Summary
Antimycotoxins additives (AMAs) are among the multiple approaches used to detoxify aflatoxin-contaminated feedstuffs (OGUZ, 2012). Not all commercially available AMAs have proven efficacy, which should be based on in vitro and in vivo findings (BRASIL, 2006; MALLMANN et al, 2007). V.52, n.6, Editors: Rudi Weiblen Juliane Welke to prove the efficacy of an AMA. Animal experimentation has caused great concern regarding welfare and ethical aspects, so different techniques have been associated in order to reduce the number of specimens used (CHELI et al, 2015). In this scenario, the principles of the 3Rs, namely Replacement, Reduction and Refinement, have provided a framework for performing more humane animal research (CLARK, 2019)
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