Ex-situ decoration of graphene oxide with palladium nanoparticles for the highly sensitive and selective electrochemical determination of chloramphenicol in food and biological samples

Abstract

Abstract The global usage of antibiotics drug chloramphenicol (CPL) in pharmaceuticals and food-producing animals may cause severe threats to both human health and animals. Therefore, the development of highly selective detection of chloramphenicol has turned the hottest issue to protect human health and another living organism. In this work, we have developed well dispersive palladium nanoparticles decorated with graphene oxide (Pd NPs/GO) nanocomposite, by facile ice bath method. Moreover, the successful formation of Pd NPs/GO nanocomposite was deep-rooted by various analytical and spectroscopic methods. The electrochemical comportment of the electrochemical sensor was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric method. The Pd NPs/GO nanocomposite shows an excellent electrocatalytic behavior in terms of higher cathodic peak current and lower peak potential than that of other modified and unmodified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Furthermore, the Pd NPs/GO modified GCE displayed an excellent linear response range (0.007 to 102.68 µM), good sensitivity (3.0479 µA µM−1 cm2) and lower detection limit (0.001 µM), correspondingly. The Pd NPs/GO/GCE spectacles its excellent selectivity for the CPL sensing in the presence of other potentially interfering compounds. Additionally, the nanocomposite is efficaciously applied to the biological and food samples for the determination of CPL and obtained good recoveries values.