Abstract
This paper presents the results of more than 40 years of observing the virulence of the population of the flax rust pathogen Melampsora lini (Pers.) Lev. through evaluation of the resistance of accessions from the VIR global flax collection against an artificial infectious background. The paper demonstrates a significant narrowing of the virulence of the fungal population caused by the spreading of varieties with polygenic resistance in the flax growing zone, which ensured a stable epidemiological situation for several decades. Currently, under the influence of the spread of varieties with different types of resistance, the fungus is suppressed. However, the current trend of breeding, mainly aimed at the use of vertical resistance in the absence of control over the originality of the R-genes, may lead to a new round of disease development.
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