Abstract
Marsupial tree frogs (Hylidae: Hemiphractinae) share the unusual feature of females brooding eggs on the dorsum or in a dorsal pouch. Results of studies of albumin evolution in these frogs suggest that the generic lineages are ancient (Cretaceous), that a minimum of four species groups can be identified within the genus Gastrotheca and that the monotypic Amphignathodon should be placed in Gastrotheca. The results also support recent suggestions that direct development is the plesiomorphic reproductive mode in egg-brooding hylid frogs. The estimated times of divergence of various lineages coincide with major orogenic events in South America.
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