Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of fever in children < 2 years of age. The prevalence of UTI is ~5% among febrile children in this age group and may be as high as 9% in tropical regions. Invasive methods of urine collection are occasionally required to obtain urine samples from infants unable to void on command. Improper urine specimen collection can lead to contamination and a clinical dilemma regarding which infants and children to treat and how extensively to investigate them for suspected UTI. Under-resourced hospitals and clinics face the additional challenges related to limited means and expertise to adequately collect and process urine samples. (excerpt)

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