Abstract

In this paper, I address several related questions about evidence: What is common to understanding across different fields like law, science, and medicine? Can we develop a unified perspective? Could this lead to new ways of analyzing practical issues and making complex decisions where there are competing viewpoints? A widely held position is that evidence is intrinsically associated with resolving uncertainty, so from a formal point of view, it is a probabilistic concept. In contrast, I describe an approach that is based on patterns of argumentation: a feature of human behavior which is ubiquitous in everyday decision making and debate. This framework does not reject the importance of probability or other quantitative concepts for measuring confidence in evidence but offers a logical perspective that accommodates probabilistic methods when they are practical but offers a sound, flexible, and robust alternative when they are not.

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