Everyday transactions in transit: Contextualizing coins in the ports of Berenike and Myos Hormos

The article presents the results of a study of the fauna and population of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the conditions of the industrial city of Cherepovets. The study was conducted in 2023–2024 in areas with different levels of anthropogenic load: in the residential zone (Makarinskaya Roshcha) and the industrial zone (production site and sanitary protection zone of PJSC Severstal). The material was collected using Barber soil traps. The aim of the work was to assess the species composition, abundance and dominance structure of ground beetles as a basis for their use in bioindication of the urban environment. A total of 15 species of ground beetles from 7 genera were registered in the city. The greatest species richness (12 species) was characteristic of the residential zone, while only 6 species were found in the industrial zone. The abundance of ground beetles in the residential zone (2,38 ind./10 trap-days) was twice as high as in the industrial zone (1,19 ind./10 trap-days). The dominant species in the residential zone werePterostichus niger(Schaller, 1783) andPterostichus nigrita(Paykull, 1790), and in the industrial zone –Pterostichus niger. The Shannon diversity index confirmed more favorable conditions in the residential zone (H′ = 1,568) compared to the industrial (H′ = 1,098) and sanitary protection zones (H′ = 0,811). The analysis of the food base showed that in the residential area, the density of ground beetles is approaching the availability of their preferred food sources, indicating the intensity of trophic relations. A comparative analysis with the fauna of ground beetles in other industrial cities of Russia (Grozny, Kazan, Kemerovo) revealed a significantly poorer species composition and simplified structure of communities in Cherepovets. The results obtained indicate the high sensitivity of ground beetles to technogenic impact and confirm their promise as bioindicators for monitoring the state of the environment in urban ecosystems.

The massive development of industrial zonesIndustrial Zones (IZs) in Vietnam in recent years has resulted in a significant wave of migrant workersMigrant workers from rural areas. Apart from facing a lack of adequate housingHousinglow-income housing, these workers have to face social problems such as low income, precarious work, and difficulty in social integration. The number of workers over 30 years old being laid off after a period of working in industrial zones has increased dramatically in recent years, becoming an alarming phenomenon. The assessment of the livelihood capacityLivelihood capacity of workers and the corresponding orientations for the planning of residential areas aimed at sustainable livelihood is a crucial study. The study objectives are indicators that can be used to evaluate the capacity of employees to sustain a livelihood. The research methodology includes spatial research and quantitative sociological methods based on DFID’s sustainable livelihood framework. The authors surveyed five industrial zones around Hanoi with 300 questionnaire forms and assessed workers’ housing conditions as well as their livelihoods. The results show that the livelihood capitalCapitallivelihood capital of workers is rather low. The authors point out that while natural capitalCapitalnatural capital is unlikely to be improved, human capitalCapitalhuman capital, social capitalCapitalsocial capital, and physical capitalCapitalphysical capital can improve significantly if there are reasonable housing policies and planning solutions for the workers. This study provides a new perspective on the development of social housingHousingsocial housing for low-incomeHousinglow-income housing workers in Vietnam: housing development not only increases the number of housing units available, but also helps fulfill the purpose of developing resources that support human livelihood.

CHAPTER 30 - Medium of Exchange

Tehran is densely populated possessing unhealthy and polluted air. There are 22 municipality districts in Tehran, and considerable numbers of industries are located within each district. Due to adverse environmental and health effects of trace elements in urban air, this study has been carried out to measure and compare concentration of trace elements including Ag, As, Br, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Mn, Hf, La, Sb, Sc, Sm, Th, and Zn in industrial (district 21) and residential (district 22) areas. For this purpose, total suspended particles were collected in two different time intervals in the year 2008. As a result, maximum and minimum concentrations in residential area associated with Mn (2.9μg/m(3)) and Hf (2.92 × 10(-4)μg/m(3)), respectively. Also, in industrial sites, these concentrations are higher for Mn (4.79 × 10(-1)μg/m(3)) and Hf (6.65 × 10(-4)μg/m(3)). The concentrations of Mn (2.07μg/m(3)) and Hf (7.46 × 10(-4)μg/m(3)) in traffic zone are close to residential values. General, concentrations of Ce, Co, Cs, La, Sc, Sm, Th, Br, and Hf in industrial area were higher than in residential area. The source of these elements in Tehran's air is mainly anthropogenic. According to the achieved results, the concentration levels of As, Cr, and Zn were close together in both residential and industrial zones. Therefore, these elements could have been originated from natural sources. Also, results show that levels of Ag, Mn, Sb, and Cu in residential area were higher than in industrial area. Finally, obtained data indicated that the trends of average concentration of trace elements in industrial area (from low to high) follow as Hf<Cs<Sm<Th<La<Ce<Sc<Co<Ag<As<Sb<Cr<Br<Zn<Cu<Mn and, in residential area, are in order of Hf<Cs<La<Th<Ce<Sc<Sm<Co<As<Ag<Br<Sb<Cr<Zn<Cu<Mn.

The residential areas, science and education areas, urban green lands, commercial districts, urban arterial roads, industrial zones and urban and rural junction districts in seven different functional zones of Luoyang City were taken as research subjects, and sixty-three soil samples were gathered. The concentrations of soil heavy metals were measured and their pollution levels were evaluated by single pollution index and Nemerow complex pollution indices. The ecological risks of soil heavy metals were discussed with Hakanson potential ecological risk index (RI) and their geneses and sources were indicated by the principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the average level of all heavy metals exceeded the background values of Henan Province. The pollution degree of single gene index was in the following order:Cd> Zn> Pb> Cu> Ni> Cr. Nemerow complex pollution indices indicated heavy metals had the highest concentration and the heaviest pollution in industrial zones. A single heavy metal potential ecological harm (<i>E</i>rⁱ) showed Cd had the highest risk index. RI was ranked as industrial zones> urban arterial roads> commercial districts> residential areas> science and education areas> urban green lands> rural junction districts. The heavy metal pollution in industrial zones, urban arterial roads and commercial districts reached strong levels, and the pollution in residential areas, science and education areas, urban green lands reached moderate risk levels, but that in rural junction districts belonged to slight risk level. Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd were called anthropogenic factors and came from industrial wastes and transport emissions, but Cr and Ni were explained as natural factors and their contents depended upon the parent materials of soil.

Human health risk assessment of PM2.5-bound heavy metal of anthropogenic sources in the Khon Kaen Province of Northeast Thailand

Soil metal contamination is of great concern due to these elements’ bioavailability, toxicity, and persistence. A total of forty soil samples were collected from mining, industrial, agricultural, and residential areas. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) was employed to determine the concentrations of the heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn). Geoaccumulation indices and health risk assessment models were employed to evaluate the potential ecological and health implications. The concentrations of As, Cr, and Zn in the industrial zone were higher than the values from the other areas, whereas the concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Pb were highest in the residential area. The distribution of metals may be attributed to different anthropogenic sources. The soils in the industrial area were moderately contaminated by As. The noncarcinogenic risk due to metals was determined to be negligible in these areas, while a high carcinogenic risk was obtained in the industrial area. The priority controls should be As, Cd, and Cr in the industrial area. However, the ecological, environmental, and health implications in the mining and residential areas should also be monitored. This study provides a comprehensive investigation of soil metals in industrial, mining, residential, and agricultural areas in China that may be employed for future environmental management and regularization.

This article discusses the development strategy of the night market at Cifest Cikarang, aimed at strengthening the synergy between the industrial zone, employee housing, and residential areas to improve customer satisfaction and business profits. Night markets have become popular in Indonesia not only as a place to shop but also as a place to relax and interact with others. Additionally, they provide positive impacts on the local economy by increasing traders' income and strengthening the synergy between industrial zones, employee housing, and residential areas. Developing night markets is, therefore, an essential strategy for the government and business actors.&#x0D; The authors review the literature on night markets and found that developing night markets in industrial zones can increase the attractiveness of the area for employees and the general public. Night markets can become an alternative place for shopping and relaxation different from conventional shopping centers. Additionally, night markets can strengthen the synergy between employees and the local community, providing access to high-quality and varied local products. However, businesses must consider factors affecting customer satisfaction such as product quality, availability, affordability, and adequate facilities when developing night markets.&#x0D; The authors conclude that in developing the night market at Cifest Cikarang, businesses must consider the characteristics of the industrial zone and employee housing surrounding it. Developing a night market that strengthens the synergy between industrial zones, employee housing, and residential areas can improve customer satisfaction and business profits. Moreover, businesses must consider factors such as product quality, price, and adequate facilities when designing an effective development strategy.

Katunayake Bandaranaike International Airport is a crucial transportation hub in Sri Lanka, facilitating both passenger travel and cargo movement. However, the rapid growth of air traffic and urbanization around the airport has led to increasing concerns over noise pollution, which poses significant environmental and public health challenges. While road and railway noise are continuous and often predictable, airport noise is intermittent yet more intense, especially during take-off and landing. Although airport noise affects fewer people compared to road and railway noise, it has a more intense impact due to the high decibel levels. This persistent exposure can disrupt daily life, leading to sleep disturbances, stress, and long-term health problems such as cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment. This study explores the extent and impact of noise pollution in areas surrounding the airport, aiming to measure noise levels, identify the primary sources, and evaluate the socio-environmental consequences for local communities. Noise levels were measured using sound level meters at 62 strategically selected locations, encompassing residential, commercial, and industrial zones within a three-kilometre radius of the runway and outside the airport boundary. Over the four days of data collection, a total of 161 readings were taken. The measurements were conducted during flight operations and compared with permissible noise thresholds defined by local and international standards. The data were analysed using ArcGIS to produce noise contour maps, enabling the identification of high-impact zones and patterns of noise exposure. Results indicate that noise levels in many residential areas and commercial zones exceed both local regulatory limits of 70 dB and international thresholds of 65 dB for residential areas. Aircraft operations, particularly during take-off and landing, were found to be the most significant contributors to elevated noise levels. Higher noise level zones were observed on both sides of the runway compared to other areas. When comparing noise levels between large and medium aircraft, the difference in values was minimal and not prominently distinguishable in graphical representations. Predictive modelling of future noise levels suggested that potential airport expansions, including the addition of runways, would exacerbate noise pollution, increasing the burden on surrounding communities. The study also highlights the impact on sensitive infrastructure such as schools and hospitals, further emphasizing the urgent need for mitigation measures. Proposed solutions include constructing noise barriers around the airport and between residential areas and the runway, promoting the use of quieter aircraft models, and implementing stricter noise abatement procedures. In addition, proper land-use planning to minimize the impact of noise on residential and sensitive areas is essential. Collaborative efforts among airport authorities, policymakers, and local stakeholders are critical to developing sustainable noise management strategies. Public awareness programs focusing on the health implications of airport noise and community engagement in mitigation efforts can foster a collective approach to addressing this issue. This research underscores the importance of balancing the growth of aviation infrastructure with environmental sustainability and public health. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, airport planners, and regulatory authorities, serving as a foundation for effective noise management strategies. Concluding, the study highlights that immediate interventions are necessary to mitigate noise pollution, protect public health, and ensure the sustainable development of Bandaranaike International Airport and its surrounding regions.

Exposure and human health risk assessment of chlorinated paraffins in indoor and outdoor dust from a metropolitan city, Lahore, Pakistan

Studies of the Hong Kong‐Vancouver transnational migration network seldom pay close attention to religion in the everyday lives of Hongkonger migrants. Based on 9 months of ethnographic fieldwork at St. Matthew's Church, a Hong Kong church in Metro Vancouver, this paper examines the tacit assumptions and taken‐for‐granted quotidian practices through which a Hongkonger church is made. I argue that St. Matthew's Church has been constructed as a Hong Kong Cantonese‐Christian family space through the everyday use of language and invocations of a common educational background. This argument extends the literature on Hongkonger migration to Metro Vancouver by grounding it in a religious site whose intersections with Hong Kong migration to Vancouver consolidates the church as a religious mission with a specifically Hongkonger migration narrative. This consolidation is problematised as I show that contestations in church life by migrants from the People's Republic of China over language and asymmetrical educational backgrounds both reinforce and challenge the church as a Hongkonger congregation. Through an examination of these everyday interactions at St. Matthew's Church, this paper advances the geography of religion as I demonstrate that specific geographical narratives and networks shape quotidian practices in religious sites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the urban internal structure of China's cities by a case study of Lanzhou, the capital city of Gansu Province. At first, the spatial structure of urban life in China's cities is clarified by consideration of the formation, the roles, the internal structure and the distributive characters of the DANWEI (or working unit). Then, the urban land use pattern is also analysed, and a model of the internal structure of Chinese cities is obtained. The results are summarized as follows:1) The life of urban inhabitants in China's cities is performed basically depending on the DANWEI, which is related to both the work and residences of the inhabitants, and has influence on the urban land use patterns. It is clarified that the spatial structure of urban life in China's cities is composed of three levels: the DANWEI, a principal territorial form of the urban life; the low level life space by the homogeneous DANWEI; and the high level life space by the Municipal District. Furthermore, the low level life space by the concentrated distribution of the homogeneous DANWEI is divided into 12 in the town area of Lanzhou, and that the low level life space formed from the industrial DANWEI can be distinguished. The institution of the low level life space has developed to far away from the city centre. Moreover, the high level life space which is formed as the Municipal District is divided into 4, and it appears that the spatial structure of urban life in China's cities is formed through the administrative control and the residential plan of the Municipal Bureau (Fig. 6).2) Regarding urban land use, it tends to change from commercial·administrative· old residential land use to industrial·new residential land use with the change from the urban core to the suburbs. Furthermore, the residential areas are distributed generally in the town areas and correspond to the old residential area in the older town areas, to the mixed residential area mainly composed of DANWEI in the newer town areas and the new residential areas on the urban fringe, with a change from the urban core to the surrounding of the core and the suburban areas. However, the school zones are distributed in special areas.3) When the characteristics of the urban land use in Lanzhou mentioned above are clear, the urban land use model (Fig. 8) and the development model of urban internal structure (Tab. 3) are presented. Furthermore, as a future agenda, a model of the internal structure of China's cities can be acquired, espatially of industrial Chinese cities (Fig. 9). The urban land use pattern is characterized by a four-concentric zone structure: urban core zone, mixed zone, industrial zone and outer zone. Furthermore, the residential areas are distributed continuously from the urban core to the suburbs and can be generally divided into three: the old residential areas, the mixed residential areas, and the new residential areas. However, the school zones and new industrial areas are distributed in special areas.

Chapter 24 - The demand for money

Tangerang District is a suburban area located around DKI Jakarta that has undergone significant development, resulting changes in natural resources. Rice fields are one of the natural resources in agriculture. The conversion of rice field areas into another land uses can indirectly cause several problems, such as food scarcity. The study aims to identify changes in the rice fields area of Tangerang District, using Landsat 8 imagery with supervised classification method. Based on the research findings, the rice fields in Tangerang District have transformed into residential areas, industrial zones, open fields, bodies of water, plantations, and green open spaces. The rice field area decreases every year. The conversion of rice fields into open land is the most dominant change due to the increasing demand for land for industrial and residential purposes in Tangerang District. The rice fields are drained before being converted into residential and industrial areas to compact the soil, ensuring it does not pose a threat to the construction on the land. The continuous and uncontrolled reduction in rice field areas can have an impact on food scarcity in Tangerang District.

&lt;p&gt;Monitoring air quality can be undertaken in industrial areas, residential areas, offices, and transportation hubs to maintain public health and sustainable environmental practices in Lampung Province. The province suffers unique challenges, including a mix of emission sources (industrial activities, vehicular traffic, and domestic operations). Industrial zones have high levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) due to manufacturing, transportation hubs have increased NO₂ due to vehicle emissions, and residential regions provide background pollution from household pollutants. Such complex spires must be addressed to achieve acceptable levels of air quality. This research aimed to analyze NO₂ concentrations on four stations in 15 districts of Lampung Province using the Air Pollution Index Values (ISP - Indeks Standar Pencemaran Udara). To assess the coupling relationship between the NO₂ concentrations and seasonal variations over 2 years, Statistical Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was analyzed. The results showed that NO₂ levels had higher concentrations along transportation routes but were still safe and non-hazardous according to Regulation No. 41 of 1999. The average NO₂ concentrations in the districts were also below the regulatory threshold, reflecting good air quality management in the region. The ANOVA analysis results with the Anderson-Darling test show p-values of 0.322 (rainy season) and 0.258 (dry season), both above the 0.05 significance level. These results imply that the data follows a normal distribution and that there are no significant differences between the districts' average NO₂ concentrations by season. The study highlights the necessity of continued surveillance and targeted interventions to address air quality issues in Lampung Province.&lt;/p&gt;