Evaluation of X-chromosome aneuploidy of azoospermic and severe oligospermic patients in Erbil city/ Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Abstract

Male Infertility is the inability of males to reproduce. Infertility is the inability of an individual to reproduce. It affects both males and females all over the world. Chromosome abnormality (CA) including Sex chromosomes abnormality (SCAs) is one of the most important causes of disordered sexual development and infertility. SCAs formed by numerical or structural alteration in X and Y chromosomes, are the most frequently CA encountered at both prenatal diagnosis and at birth. This study describes cytogenetic findings of cases suspected with CA referred for cytogenetic study in male with history of infertility. A total of sixty male individuals having history of infertility were enrolled for their chromosome study to rule out the chromosomal cause for their infertility. All the referred males were detected to be infertile initially from their semen analysis when majority of these males were found to be oligospermia and a few had azoospermic. Blood samples of 60 patients referred for cytogenetic analysis were cultured for chromosome preparation. Karyotypes were prepared for all samples and G-Banded chromosomes were analyzed using x100 objective lens. Sex chromosome aneuploidy cases were analyzed. The percentage of normal karyotype was 85%. The number of abnormal karyotypes constitute about 15%. In our azoospermic patients, about 18.18% of patients stated to have abnormal karyotype comparing to 14.28% in oligospermic patients. On the other hand, sex chromosomal anomalies were detected in 2 patients with azoospermia. Meanwhile, 7 patients with sex chromosomal anomalies were recorded in oligospermic patients including 2 mosaics. No autosomal anomalies were found in both groups. Therefore, the value of cytogenetic screening is emphasized since this group of chromosomally abnormal patients can be excluded from conventional treatment.