Abstract
Nitrogen fertilization plays a very important role for crop productivity. New developed wheat varieties need proper fertilization for improved crop productivity. The present study was carried out to quantify, the effects of nitrogen derived from urea and FYM on the four newly developed wheat varieties i.e. Siran-2009, Ata Habib, Janbaz-2009 and Pirsabak-2008 for yield improvement, quality and soil fertility status. The N treatments were control, 100% of the recommended nitrogen from urea as well as FYM, and 50% from each source. The experiment was carried out at New Developmental Farm, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University Peshawar Pakistan, during Rabi 2011-2012. Results of the data showed that Janbaz-2009 was more responsive to biological yield (11,011 kg·ha-1), grain yield (4339 kg·ha-1), and nitrogen use efficiency (14.8%), whereas Siran-2010 performed better for grain N contents (2.31%). Plots having both urea and FYM had improved biological yield (11,958 kg·ha-1), and grain yield (4901 kg·ha-1). Urea application had improved straw N contents (0.92%) in addition to Mix application of urea and FYM (0.93%). Mix application of both sources and sole FYM had higher grains N content (2.25%), whereas control plots in addition to mix application had improved nitrogen use efficiency (14.8%). Siran-2010 and Janbaz-2009 performed better in FYM and mix FYM and urea plots for most of the parameters. It was concluded from the experiment that Janbaz-2009 had improved yield and yield components, whereas Siran-2010 had improved the grain N content. Similarly, Mix application of FYM and urea had improved crop productivity, soil fertility and grains as well as straw N content. Thus wheat varieties Janbaz-2009 sown in mix FYM and urea is recommended for general cultivation in agro-climatic condition of Peshawar.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most important food crop of the world, which occupied the largest crop area and has greater production than any other crop
The present study was carried out to quantify, the effects of nitrogen derived from urea and FYM on the four newly developed wheat varieties i.e. Siran-2009, Ata Habib, Janbaz-2009 and Pirsabak-2008 for yield improvement, quality and soil fertility status
Results of the data showed that Janbaz-2009 was more responsive to biological yield (11,011 kg∙ha−1), grain yield (4339 kg∙ha−1), and nitrogen use efficiency (14.8%), whereas Siran-2010 performed better for grain N supply (Ns) contents (2.31%)
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most important food crop of the world, which occupied the largest crop area and has greater production than any other crop. Manures are natural sources of plant nutrients [7] derived from plants and animal sources and play a very significant role in increasing soil fertility [8] [9] obtained better results from the combined use of commercial and organic N fertilizer in arid and semi-arid areas. Wheat is 30% - 80% lower than the potential yield of wheat crop [10], despite the use of adequate amount of chemical fertilizer and management. Wheat yield can be increased by the use of recently developed high yielding, disease resistant varieties and appropriate production technologies such as nutrients management. Information on the integrated use of nitrogen is widely available, interactive responses of newly developed wheat varieties to various nitrogen application is not available.
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