Evaluation of variables affecting crack propagation by Delayed Hydride Cracking in Zr–2.5Nb with different heat treatments

Abstract

Delayed Hydride Cracking (DHC) is a failure mechanism that may occur in zirconium alloys used in nuclear reactor core components. The knowledge of the direct effects of the variables affecting the cracking velocity could be used to minimize the risk of crack propagation. In practice, most of these variables – as for example the alloy yield stress and hydrogen diffusion coefficient – are coupled and vary during reactor operation, leading to a complex variable dependence of the cracking mechanism. In order to get an insight into the relative effect of these variables, experimental data and a theoretical approach using a generally accepted DHC model were used in this work. A series of DHC velocity measurements were made in Zr–2.5Nb tube with different heat treatments. The yield stress, the Nb concentration in β phase, and hydrogen solvus of the alloy were measured for different heat treatments. Niobium concentration in β phase gave an indirect indication of β-phase continuity and, with a proper correlation, of the hydrogen diffusion coefficient. The obtained values were used as inputs in a theoretical calculation of cracking velocity. Good agreement between experimental data and predicted values was obtained, showing that hydrogen diffusion coefficient was the most relevant variable affecting DHC velocity cracking. Furthermore, this approach has been demonstrated to be useful in estimating DHC velocity in irradiated materials.