Evaluation of unified calibration model in predicting the pol content in sugarcane juice extracted using two extraction methods

This study was performed to compare the vitamin A, E, β-carotene, polyphenol content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of carrot, apple, and blueberry juices as affected by extraction methods using slow juicer (HJ), no vacuum blending (NVJ) and vacuum blending (VJ). Juice yields of carrot, apple, and blueberry were 100% in NVJ and VJ groups. Vitamin A content of all juices was the highest in VJ group. Vitamin E content in carrot and apple juices increased most in the HJ group, followed by the NVJ and VJ group; Vitamin E content in blueberry juice was higher in the NVJ group than VJ or HJ group. β-carotene and polyphenol content in all juices were highest in the VJ group. In addition, the differences between vacuum blending and non-vacuum blending were only shown on apple and blueberry juices. Polyphenol content in carrot and blueberry juices increased most in the HJ group, followed by the NVJ, and VJ groups, and in apple juice, polyphenol content was higher in the VJ group than the HJ or NVJ group. DPPH radical scavenging activity in the VJ group was significantly higher than the NVJ group. The results of this study showed the vacuum blending method had outstanding antioxidative nutrients compared to other juicing methods.

Laboratory analysis of soluble solids content in sugarcane juice from direct and shredded extraction methods using NIR spectrometer

The study investigated chemical, volatile composition and bioactive compounds extracted from different fruit fractions of pomegranate (Punicagranatum L.) cv. Wonderful. Juice variants evaluated included juice extracted without crushing the seeds using a juice extractor (arils), juice extracted by crushing the seeds using a blender (arils plus seed), juice extracted by pressing a whole fruit using a squeezer (whole fruit) and juice extracted from halved fruit using a commercial hand press juicer (halved fruit). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in total soluble solids (°Brix) content in pomegranate juice obtained from different fruit fractions. Juice extracted from halved fruit had higher titratable acidity (1.78mg citric acid/100mL), lower pH content (1.58) and juice yield (28.01%). The lowest citric acid content was observed in blended juice (18.96g/L) and high juice colour (2.69). Fructose content did not vary in all extraction methods. Catechin and epicatechin were the most dominant flavonoids whereas gallic acid was the dominant phenolic acid identified in all extraction methods. The total phenolics, tannins, flavonoids and anthocyanin content in the investigated juice ranged from 138.36 to 289.94mg gallic acid equivalent/100mL, 120.00 to 267.10mg gallic acid equivalent/100mL, 23.35 to 50.39mg catechin equivalent/100mL, and 10.96 to 13.91mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalent/100mL crude juice, respectively. Furthermore, halved fruit juice had high radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power. The most abundant volatile compounds were ethyl acetate (21.35–31.45%) and 3-octanone (8.12–18.74%) in all the juice variants. Principal component analysis (PCA) also revealed that the chemical, volatile and bioactive compounds separated the investigated juice extraction method. The results of the study provide information on the importance of methods of extraction on the quality of pomegranate juice.

Joint extraction of entities and relations focuses on detecting entity pairs and their relations simultaneously with a unified model. Based on the extraction order, previous works mainly solve this task through relation-last, relation-first and relation-middle manner. However, these methods still suffer from the template-dependency, non-entity detection and non-predefined relation prediction problem. To overcome these challenges, in this paper, we propose a unified multi-task learning framework to divide the task into three interacted sub-tasks. Specifically, we first introduce the type-attentional method for subject extraction to provide prior type information explicitly. Then, the subject-aware relation prediction is presented to select useful relations based on the combination of global and local semantics. Third, we propose a question generation based QA method for object extraction to obtain diverse queries automatically. Notably, our method detects subjects or objects without relying on NER models and thus it is capable of dealing with the non-entity scenario. Finally, three sub-tasks are integrated into a unified model through parameter sharing. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms all the baseline methods on two benchmark datasets, and further achieve excellent performance for non-predefined relations.

Fruits and vegetables are considered a good source of polyphenols and antioxidant capacities which are beneficial in protecting the human body against damage induced by reactive species. The objective of this work is to conduct an assessment of the polyphenol content and antioxidant activities of different fruit (kiwi, pear, green apple, raspberry, blackberry, strawberry and blueberry) and vegetable (pumpkin, green and red pepper) extracts using both chemical extraction and a modified in vitro digestive enzymatic extraction in order to compare results. Polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of different fruits, vegetables and fruit juices were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and FRAP methods, respectively. It was observed that polyphenol content expressed as gallic acid equivalents of extracts obtained with the two extraction methods was significantly (p<0.05) different (on average 310.3 and 231.8 mg per 100 g of fresh sample in enzymatic and methanolic extracts, respectively). Antioxidant capacity was also significantly (p<0.05) different in the extracts obtained by the two methods, with higher values in enzymatic extracts (1.91 mmol of Fe2+ per 100 g of fresh sample). Analyses of apple samples with and without skin also revealed important differences related to methodology and composition. Additionally, the original enzymatic extraction method was improved to avoid interferences caused by the presence of protein residues in the extract.

Roselle has regained the attention of many fruit juice manufacturers in Malaysia as a product that contains high ascorbic acid and anthocyanins. However, ascorbic acid and anthocyanin pigments can be easily destroyed during processing of fruit juice. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of different processing methods, namely hot water extraction (HWE), hot water blending, cold water blending and screw press, on the changes in anthocyanins and ascorbic acid contents of roselle juice were evaluated. The anthocyanins and ascorbic acid contents of roselle were determined using the pH differential method and high‐performance liquid chromatography respectively. The physico‐chemical characteristics and sensory properties of roselle juice were also evaluated. The results of the study indicate that the HWE method is the most effective extraction method, resulting in high anthocyanins and ascorbic acid contents of 43 g l−1 (as delphinidin‐3‐glucoside) and 2.34 g kg−1 respectively. The optimum juice extraction conditions were 3.5 h at 60 °C. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry

Most of the components of poultry feed (80%) of grains and meal that contains phytic acid which has anti-nutritional factor because it can bind minerals and reduce its availability. Phytic acid can be hydrolyzed by the enzyme phytase. Phytase enzyme naturally found in sugar cane juice, but its use as poultry feed supplements have not been done. The study was conducted using sugar cane juice PS 851 from Jatiroto PTPN XI, Lumajang, East Java in order to get the information potential of sugar cane juice as a liquid supplement and phytase enzyme carrier for poultry viewed from the aspect of nutrient content of sugarcane juice and phytase activity in the release rate of phosphorus. Research conducted at the Faculty of Animal IPB for 10 months. The rate of hydrolysis of phytase on P was tested using rice bran as a substrate. Sugar cane juice is added to the 2.5% level, using 4-level incubation (1, 2, 3 and 4 hours), each level consisting of 37°C and 42°C; pH 2; pH 4.5 and pH 5 with three replications. Study using a Two Factors Experiments in Completely Randomized Design and it was continued by DMRT test. P release rate was measured by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the sugar cane juice has a phytase activity of 0.0766 U / ml, brix level of 22.15%, containing water 73.03%, protein 0.47%, crude fiber 6.43%, minerals Ca 0.03%, P 0,02%, Co 0.14 mg / l, Fe 1.8 mg/l, Mn 1.55 mg/l, Zn 1.37 mg/ l, Cu 0.19 mg/ l, Se 12.63 mcg/100 g, vitamins B3 5.26 mg/100 g, C 0.72 mg/100 g, E 0.08 mg/100 g, sucrose 32.42%, fructose 2.41%, galactose 2% and glucose 1.58%. Supplementation of 2.5% sugar cane juice can increase the P release rate of 112-235% at optimum conditions of pH 5, at 37°C with a long incubation period of 1-4 hours. Key Words: Sugar Cane Juice, Phytase, Phosphorus

Determination of sugars in sugarcane juice is an important task in sugar refineries as well as in food industries because of its continuous evolution during the fermentation process. A rapid and accurate method for the determination of total sugars, also termed as the ‘Pol’ value, using a near infrared (NIR) fibre optic probe has been developed and validated. Clear sugarcane juice samples were collected from the sugar industry during the entire sugarcane season to represent a wide range of concentration of components such as sucrose, glucose and fructose. The samples were scanned in the NIR region (5400–6400 cm−1) using the fibre-optic transmittance probe and analysed by partial least squares (PLS). The standard polarimetric method was used to obtain reference values for the calibration model from NIR results. The calibration model developed was able to assess the Pol value in unknown sugarcane clear juice samples accurate to an R2 value of 0.936. The technique has potential in the rapid measurement of Pol content in sugarcane clear juice for the sugar industry.

为监测较大区域内甘蔗产量及含糖量的时间、空间变化情况, 了解地区、环境及土壤成分与甘蔗含糖量的关系, 为甘蔗栽培提供指导, 以日本琉球群岛南大东岛甘蔗栽培区为对象, 用NIR方法测定甘蔗含糖量及其他成分含量, 采用GIS技术建立地块位置、甘蔗产量、含糖量及P、K含量和土壤K含量数据库。在此基础上, 建立3个栽培年度甘蔗含糖量、单产与甘蔗汁P、K含量的空间分布图, 发现甘蔗含糖量与降水量及种植区水环境密切相关。对甘蔗含糖量及P、K含量和土壤K含量的相关分析表明, 甘蔗含糖量与甘蔗汁P含量呈正相关, 而与甘蔗汁和土壤K含量均呈负相关。

Nutritional values of sugarcane products in local Caribbean growing pigs

A protocol for processing of the Ganoderma lucidum fermentation was carried out using sugarcane juice at 28°C for 14 d. The nonlinearity logistic growth curve model of G. lucidum is successfully fitted and the ideal highest biomass is estimated to be 5.42 g/L. G. lucidum was found to have a significant decrease effect on the pH value and sugar in sugarcane juice. The lowest pH (3.87 ± 0.01) was found on the 3rd day during fermentation. To the contrary, the release of exopolysaccharides and protein content noticeable increased, and free amino acids greatly enriched after the fermentation. Antioxidant activity tests showed exopolysaccharides can remarkably scavenge hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion free radicals and DPPH free radicals. The sugar content of sugarcane juice was reduced by the fermentation of G. lucidum, and the content of active ingredients, such as polysaccharide increased, so it could be used as a new source of healthy foods. Practical applications Sugarcane is a traditional cash crop, which plays a pivotal role in many countries. As is well-known, sugarcane juice fermentation drinks are comparatively uncommon in the market. The application of sugarcane juice fermentation by Ganoderma lucidum could combine the nutrients and health benefits of both sugarcane juice and G. lucidum, which provide a new way for sugarcane juice products processing. Fermented sugarcane juices may be developed into functional drinks for specific people.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and COVID-19 diseases are still global problems. One of the causes of DM, mainly type 2 is unhealthy eating habits, including white sugar, which contains almost no active compounds except sucrose. The active compounds in sugarcane juice such as ferulic acid, gallic acid, 4-Hydroxy benzoate acid, and vanillic acid, which are suspected besides alpha-amylase inhibitors, also have potential as anti COVID-19. The purpose of this research is to extract secondary metabolites from sugarcane juice, determine TPC and TFC, and to know in silico activity of the active compounds in sugarcane juice as an alpha-amylase inhibitor and binding position to the active site of the spike protein. The results have shown that TPC and TFC in sugarcane juice are 0.5501% and 0.4480%. The in silico analysis has proven that the ferulic acid compound is bonded to the alpha-amylase binding site as acarbose did. Gallic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, and vanillic acid compounds are bonded to RBD of S protein COVID-19 as chloroquine did, with various binding affinity. These results indicate that phenolic and flavonoids in sugarcane juice have the potential as an alpha-amylase inhibitor and anti COVID-19.

A topography simulation system and a six-parameter unified process model are proposed for general characterization of deposition and etching technology. This system is fit to use experimentally. This model precisely expresses the process characteristics of deposition and etching equipment. A surface movement vector calculation method suitable for the unified process model is also given. This method is used for calculating cross-sectional profiles including convex and concave corners, and for general LSI processes where deposition and etching reactions occur simultaneously. The parameters can be extracted from experimental results. The extraction method is also introduced. The simulated results agree well with the experimental ones of sputter deposition and bias-ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) deposition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

This article presents a compact model for the drain current and capacitances of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The model is valid in the deep and tail states regions of operations, with a smooth transition between the two. The model parameters were extracted independently in the two regions using the unified model and extraction method (UMEM). The subthreshold regime and series resistances are considered for the drain current modeling. For the capacitances, it was found that the bias-dependent parasitic capacitances play a dominant role. The model was validated with TCAD simulations, with very good agreement.

Optimized parameter extraction using fuzzy logic