Evaluation of Ukrainian potato varieties and breeding material for resistance to pathotypes of Synchytrium endobioticum occurring in Georgia and Ukraine

Goal. To evaluate and to choose potato varieties breeding material resistant to wart and search resistance sources to causative agent of potato wart Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival. Methods. The study involved 739 samples breeding of potatoes varieties Institute for potato study NAAS and its’ Polissian division in 2020—2022. The samples were received by different parents forms crossings. Evaluation of breeding material for resistance to common 1(D1) and aggressive pathotypes of potato wart was performed in the laboratory conditions of the Ukrainian Science Research Plant Quarantine Station IPP NAAS on an artificial infectious background according to EPPO Standard PM 7/28/1 and EPPO Standard PM 7/28/2 and «Techniques or evaluation and choice of potato breeding material resistant to wart Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc harmonized as per EU requirements» and in field conditions of pathogen spread. Results. A 699 potato samples (94.6%) from 739 hybrids from 2022-through 2022 received resistant value to common pathotype of wart causative agent. 40 (5.4%) samples were defeated by disease causative agent and they were rejected by us. The researches results showed that 21 outlet potato parents forms had the highest resistance degree (1.2—2.0 points). They recommended for the following usage in in breeding process as a resistance source to potato wart. Hybridological analysis for potato resistance inheritance provided on the following variants of parents forms crossing F09.209-3/P14.3/12, Svitana / Mezhzyrichka, Vyhoda / Svitana, Radmysl / Svitana,Vzirets / Svitana, P10.10/35/Svitana. 81.13.9/1/Svitana, P12.14-8/Partner, Zvizdal/P10.109/35, Mezhyrichka/Sncedar, Levada /Rostovytsya, Svitana Rostovytsya, Nagoroda Rostovytsya / Rostovytsya, ВМ12.24-15 /Vygoda, Floatka/Rostovytsya, Mezhyrichka/Dorogyn, Agave/Aria, 08.102/4/Miranda, Ivankivska rannya/Alliance, Vectar/Radmysl; Charunka/Alliance; Tyras/89.715с88. The potato resistant inheritance showed 100% to wart. The crossing variant F 09.209-3 / P10.9-3, P09.26-2/Alliance gave 50.0% resistant inheritance. The crossing variant Myroslava/Н.07.162-1 gave 88.9% resistant inheritance. Conclusions. There were chosen 699 (94,6%) among 739 potato samples in 2020—2022 resistant to common pathotype. Hybridological analysis for potato resistance inheritance to wart showed that variant resistant (♀) × resistant (♂) give 100% resistance to wart potato inheritants. The most resultative resistant potato samples choice was resistant to D1 (common) and 22 (Bystrysia) agressive pathotype during potato breeding studies with complex resistance to wart pathotypes in 2021—2022. The most virulent was 18 (Yasynnia) aggressive pathotype. There were only 5 (21.7%) resistant to this wart pathotype. Chosen samples with complex resistance to wart pathotypes recommended for the following usage in breeding. They recommended for improve in disease sources and for the following usage in breeding process as potato resistance sources to disease causative agent and for the improving in disease sources.

Goal. To evaluate and to choose potato varieties breeding material resistant to wart and search resistance sources to causative agent of potato wart Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival. Methods. The study involved 739 samples breeding of potatoes varieties Institute for potato study NAAS and its’ Polissian division in 2020—2022. The samples were received by different parents forms crossings. Evaluation of breeding material for resistance to common 1(D1) and aggressive pathotypes of potato wart was performed in the laboratory conditions of the Ukrainian Science Research Plant Quarantine Station IPP NAAS on an artificial infectious background according to EPPO Standard PM 7/28/1 and EPPO Standard PM 7/28/2 and «Techniques or evaluation and choice of potato breeding material resistant to wart Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc harmonized as per EU requirements» and in field conditions of pathogen spread. Results. A 699 potato samples (94.6%) from 739 hybrids from 2022-through 2022 received resistant value to common pathotype of wart causative agent. 40 (5.4%) samples were defeated by disease causative agent and they were rejected by us. The researches results showed that 21 outlet potato parents forms had the highest resistance degree (1.2—2.0 points). They recommended for the following usage in in breeding process as a resistance source to potato wart. Hybridological analysis for potato resistance inheritance provided on the following variants of parents forms crossing F09.209-3/P14.3/12, Svitana / Mezhzyrichka, Vyhoda / Svitana, Radmysl / Svitana,Vzirets / Svitana, P10.10/35/Svitana. 81.13.9/1/Svitana, P12.14-8/Partner, Zvizdal/P10.109/35, Mezhyrichka/Sncedar, Levada /Rostovytsya, Svitana Rostovytsya, Nagoroda Rostovytsya / Rostovytsya, ВМ12.24-15 /Vygoda, Floatka/Rostovytsya, Mezhyrichka/Dorogyn, Agave/Aria, 08.102/4/Miranda, Ivankivska rannya/Alliance, Vectar/Radmysl; Charunka/Alliance; Tyras/89.715с88. The potato resistant inheritance showed 100% to wart. The crossing variant F 09.209-3 / P10.9-3, P09.26-2/Alliance gave 50.0% resistant inheritance. The crossing variant Myroslava/Н.07.162-1 gave 88.9% resistant inheritance. Conclusions. There were chosen 699 (94,6%) among 739 potato samples in 2020—2022 resistant to common pathotype. Hybridological analysis for potato resistance inheritance to wart showed that variant resistant (♀) × resistant (♂) give 100% resistance to wart potato inheritants. The most resultative resistant potato samples choice was resistant to D1 (common) and 22 (Bystrysia) agressive pathotype during potato breeding studies with complex resistance to wart pathotypes in 2021—2022. The most virulent was 18 (Yasynnia) aggressive pathotype. There were only 5 (21.7%) resistant to this wart pathotype. Chosen samples with complex resistance to wart pathotypes recommended for the following usage in breeding. They recommended for improve in disease sources and for the following usage in breeding process as potato resistance sources to disease causative agent and for the improving in disease sources.

Goal. To evaluate and to choose potato varieties of foreign breeding material resistant to wart for inclusion in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine and improve them into disease sources. Methods. The study involved 5 potatoes varieties of foreign breeding: Mia and Baltic Fire — breeding of company Norica Nordring-Kartoffelzucht und Fermerungs GmbH Gross Lusewitz (Germany); Lady Amarilla and Acoustic breeding of company See Meijer B B (Great Britain); Sensation IPM Potato Group Ltd (Ireland). Evaluation of breeding material for resistance to common 1 (D1) and aggressive pathotypes of potato wart was performed in the laboratory conditions of the Ukrainian Science Research Plant Quarantine Station IPP NAAS on an artificial infectious background according to EPPO Standard PM 7/28/1 and EPPO Standard PM 7/28 / 2 and «Methods for evaluation and selection of breeding material for potatoes resistant to wart Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc., Harmonized with EU requirements» and in the field conditions of pathogen spread. Results. As a result of laboratory and field studies on the evaluation and selection of potato varieties resistant to wart were chosen resistant from 5 potato varieties (100%) received value resistant to common potato wart pathotype One variety Acoustic is (20%)resistant to 11(M1) — Mizhgirya aggressive pathotype. There were chosen two resistant varieties to 13 (R2) — Rachiv aggressive pathotype — Sensation and Acoustic; 18(Ya) Yasynya — Acoustic and Lady Amarilla; 22(B1) — Bystrets pathotypes: Sensation and Mia. It was consisted to 40% from general number of testing varieties. Potato variety Baltic Fire defeated by all aggressive potato wart causative agent pathotypes. Conclusions. Potato varieties that have not been affected by the pathotypes of the wart causative agent have been proposed for inclusion in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine for Introduction. They recommend to put into production in the sources of disease spread and breeders for the following usage in crossing as a source of resistance and receiving resistant against disease potato progenies.

PM 8/2(1): Coniferae

General crop inspection procedure for potatoes

Aim. To evaluate potato breeding material for resistance to pathotypes of Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival (1909) known to be present in Ukraine (pathotypes 1(D 1 ), 11, 13, 18 and 22); to identify resistant registered and potential varieties for the usage in the national wart disease eradication programs and to recommend these se- lected (potential and registered) potato varieties for the breeding program targeted on the development of multiple resistance against pathotypes of S. endobioticum present in Ukraine. Methods. Evaluation of the potato breeding material and registered potato varieties for the resistance against common pathotype 1 (D 1 ) and four aggressive pa- thotypes of S. endobioticum (pathotypes 11, 13, 18 and 22) in climatic chamber and greenhouse tests of Ukrainian Scientifi c Research Plant Quarantine Station of Institute of Plant Protection NAAS (Boyany, Ukraine) following the Spieckermann and Glynne-Lemmerzahl methods (EPPO Standard PM7/28(2)). Field trials on naturally infected soils were conducted according to standard methods adapted to national requirements in the area of Chernivtsi, Zakarpattia and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. Results. 3,736 samples of potato breeding material from six breeding institutions of Ukraine were tested for resistance against S. endobioticum during 2011–2017 in the western region of the country. Among all samples tested, 3,389 were identifi ed as resistant to the widely spread pathotype 1 in the preliminary climatic chamber and greenhouse tests, and 130 of them proved to be resistant under fi eld conditions. Five out of 41 Ukrainian registered potato varieties (Bazys, Hlazurna, Solokha, Bozhedar and Santarka) were found to be resistant to all 5 pathotypes tested (1 (D 1 ), 11, 13, 18 and 22). Conclusions. The 130 samples of potato breed- ing material (which were found to be resistant against the common pathotype 1 of S. endobioticum in the laboratory, greenhouse as well as in the fi eld trials) were recommended for the state variety registration and further usage in an eradication program to localize potato wart outbreaks of the western part of Ukraine. The screening tests revealed that the national breeding program targeted on resistance against S. endobioticum pathotype 11 was the most effec- tive (49 % of samples tested proved to be resistant against this pathotype), whereas it was the least effective against pathotype 18, namely only 30 % of samples resistant. It was speculated that such a dissimilarity may be related to the differences in the genetic material used in the breeding process at various institutions, and which may be the subject of further analysis in order to improve the results of breeding programs. The already registered potato variet- ies Bazys, Hlazurna, Solokha, Bozhedar and Santarka which were found to have a multiple resistance to common pathotype 1 and four local aggressive pathotypes of S. endobioticum (11, 13, 18 and 22) were recommended for use in the breeding process as sources of resistance and also for the eradication programs in the western region of Ukraine, where S. endobioticum is mostly distributed (2409 hectares or 98 %).

Goal. The results of researches for selection potato varieties and breeding material of Ukrainian and foreign selection resistant to wart for inclusion in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine and introduce them into disease foci.
 Methods.The study involved 13 varieties of potatoes: 3 varieties of Ukrainian selection and 10 — foreign. Evaluation of breeding material for resistance to common 1 (D1) and aggressive pathogens of potato cancer was performed in the laboratory of the Ukrainian Research Plant Quarantine Research Station of the NAAS on an artificial infectious background according to EPPO Standard PM 7/28/1 and EPPO Standard PM 7/28 / 2 and performed in the laboratory of the Ukrainian Research Plant Quarantine Research Station of the NAAS on an «Methods for evaluation and selection of breeding material for potatoes resistant to cancer Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc., Harmonized with EU requirements» and in the field in foci of pathogen spread.
 Results. As a result of laboratory and field studies on the evaluation and selection of potato varieties resistant to cancer, one variety of potato of Ukrainian selection Medea — selection of the Institute of Potato NAAS and one variety of foreign selection Soraya, selection Norica Nordring-Kartofeltsucht- und Fermerbungs comprehensive resistance to all wart. Of the 13 potato varieties tested, all (100%) were rated resistant to the usual pathotype of the cancer agent; up to 11 (Mizhhirya) and 22 (Bystrets) pathotypes, 6 varieties (46.1%) of resistant varieties were selected; 8 varieties (61.5%) resistant to 13 (Rakhiv) aggressive pathotype were found; to 18 (Yasinya) — 5 varieties of potatoes (38.4%).Three varieties of potatoes of foreign selection (Newton, Sunshine and Brook) were affected by all 4 aggressive pathogens of the pathogen.
 Conclusions. Potato varieties that have not been affected by the pathogens of the wart pathogen have been proposed for inclusion in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine for Introduction in Outbreaks and also breeders to use for crossing disease sources and receiving potato resistant descendents to disease.

Specific scopeThis Standard describes a diagnostic protocol for Synchytrium endobioticum.This Standard should be used in conjunction with PM 7/76 Use of EPPO diagnostic protocols.Specific approval and amendmentApproved in 2003‐09. Revision approved in 2017‐06.

Specific scopeThis Standard describes a procedure for descheduling plots previously infested by Synchytrium endobioticum.Specific approval and amendmentFirst approved in 1999‐09.Revisions approved in 2003‐09 and in 2017‐09.

Bean rust, caused by the fungus Uromyces appendiculatus, is a major constraint for common bean production worldwide. Virulence of U. appendiculatus collected from wild and cultivated Phaseolus spp. was examined in 28 locations across Honduras. Host accessions representing wild and domesticated Phaseolus spp. collected at the same sampling locations were evaluated for resistance against U. appendiculatus. In total, 91 pathotypes were identified from 385 U. appendiculatus isolates according to their virulence on each of the 12 host differentials. No significant difference in pathogen total virulence, measured as the mean disease score, was found between locations. However, significant differences were found in pathotype virulence among isolates collected from different Phaseolus spp. within a location. Moreover, when locations were compared on the basis of pathotype occurrence and frequency, differences among locations were evident. No two locations had the same pathotype composition. The most common pathotype was virulent on 9 of the 12 differential lines. A high number of resistant accessions were identified in Phaseolus coccineus and P. lunatus. Although most wild P. vulgaris accessions were highly susceptible, rust resistance was observed in P. vulgaris landraces collected from farmer's fields. Thirty-two (52%) of the accessions screened showed intermediate to high levels of resistance and, of those, 16% were P. coccineus accessions. Our findings support the hypothesis that interaction of U. appendiculatus in host populations composed of diverse Phaseolus spp. and genotypes has favored highly diverse and virulent pathotypes, creating a center for virulence diversity of the pathogen in Honduras. The high percentage of intermediate and highly resistant accessions identified in the present study supports the strategy of collecting plants from the center of diversity of a pathogen or in locations with high incidence of disease and pathogen diversity to maximize the probability of identifying new sources of resistance.

<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>

Goal. To identify new sources of resistance against stem nematode among potato breeding material and provide recommendations for the involvement of the most promising genotypes in breeding practice. Methods. The research was conducted in the breeding laboratory of the Polissia Research Department of the Institute for Potato Research, during 2018—2022, with promising source material of its own potato breeding, interspecific hybrids of the laboratory of genetic resources of the Institute for Potato Research and potato varieties and studied their resistance to stem nematode on an infectious background. Results. It was found that among the studied hybrid potato material, up to 9% of highly resistant forms, about 15—29% with relatively high and 41—62% of genotypes with moderate resistance were distinguished. Among the evaluated potato varieties, only a small number demonstrate high resistance, while the majority exhibit moderate resistance to the nematode. Sources with high, relatively high and moderate resistance to the nematode among promising potato hybrids were identified. Selected genotypes are the following: G.10.7/13, P.14.17-14, P.15.5/27, G.09.8-14, Z.14.64/3, P.13.26/13, G.08.194/122, Z.14.64-2, G.15.1-3, Z.14.49-7 and P.14.43-18 combine resistance to stem nematode with high expression of the main economically valuable traits. It was found that the breeding material that showed moderate resistance to the nematode was created with the participation of potato varieties: Santarka, Radomysl, Irbytskyi, Podoliia, Bellarossa, Satina, Tyras, Vektar and Hurman. As a result of targeted breeding work, three new potato varieties have been created: Fanatka, Rostavytsia and Dzhavelina, characterised by high productivity, drought tolerance, and resistance to stem nematode and quarantine microorganisms. Conclusions. We recommend using the selected stem nematode-resistant hybrids in breeding work to develop resistant potato varieties. To limit the spread and development of the nematode, we recommend cultivating the suggested resistant potato varieties.

Goal. To identify new sources of resistance against stem nematode among potato breeding material and provide recommendations for the involvement of the most promising genotypes in breeding practice. Methods. The research was conducted in the breeding laboratory of the Polissia Research Department of the Institute for Potato Research, during 2018—2022, with promising source material of its own potato breeding, interspecific hybrids of the laboratory of genetic resources of the Institute for Potato Research and potato varieties and studied their resistance to stem nematode on an infectious background. Results. It was found that among the studied hybrid potato material, up to 9% of highly resistant forms, about 15—29% with relatively high and 41—62% of genotypes with moderate resistance were distinguished. Among the evaluated potato varieties, only a small number demonstrate high resistance, while the majority exhibit moderate resistance to the nematode. Sources with high, relatively high and moderate resistance to the nematode among promising potato hybrids were identified. Selected genotypes are the following: G.10.7/13, P.14.17-14, P.15.5/27, G.09.8-14, Z.14.64/3, P.13.26/13, G.08.194/122, Z.14.64-2, G.15.1-3, Z.14.49-7 and P.14.43-18 combine resistance to stem nematode with high expression of the main economically valuable traits. It was found that the breeding material that showed moderate resistance to the nematode was created with the participation of potato varieties: Santarka, Radomysl, Irbytskyi, Podoliia, Bellarossa, Satina, Tyras, Vektar and Hurman. As a result of targeted breeding work, three new potato varieties have been created: Fanatka, Rostavytsia and Dzhavelina, characterised by high productivity, drought tolerance, and resistance to stem nematode and quarantine microorganisms. Conclusions. We recommend using the selected stem nematode-resistant hybrids in breeding work to develop resistant potato varieties. To limit the spread and development of the nematode, we recommend cultivating the suggested resistant potato varieties.

Specific scopeThis Standard describes a national regulatory control system for Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis.

<scp>PM</scp> 4/17 (3) Certification scheme for olive trees and rootstocks