Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a clinical situation characterized by the elevated serum cholesterol and associated with the higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension and stroke. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of hilsha fish (Tenualosa ilisha) oil on diet-induced hypercholesterolemic (HC) albino mice. Mice were divided in three groups consisting each of six mice : control group, HC control group (fed the basal diet containing 1.5% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid) and the other group of mice fed the same previous hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with hilsha fish oil (HFO) 5%. Serum lipid profile (total cholesterol-TC, low density lipoprotein-LDL, high density lipoproteinHDL, triglyceride-TG and very low density lipoprotein-VLDL) were determined using commercial kits. After treatment with HFO a potential antilipidemic effect was observed as TC, TG, LDL, VLDL showed significant (p<0.001) decrease whereas HDL showed significant increase (p<0.001) compared to the HC control group. The SGPT, SGOT and CRP were also significantly decrease (p<0.001). Therefore HFO might have hepatoprotective activity. Regarding liver tissue extract, the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased significantly in treated mice. Gas chromatography (GC)-MS analysis of HFO showed that it contained a high amount of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) especially EPA and DHA. These Omega-3 fatty acids have an indicative effect to reduce the risk of CVD and other chronic diseases. From the above findings, it can be concluded that HFO has a potential benefit in the treatment of CVD and play a role in its management as well as in reducing the risk of CVD associated hepatic complications.
Highlights
Hypercholesterolemia, called dyslipidemia is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood
These data revealed that hilsha fish oil (HFO) contain 34.14% total saturated fatty acid (TSFA), 22.81% mono unsaturated (MUFAs) and 15.19% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)
These data viewed that in hypercholesterolemic mice (HC) group Total Cholesterol (TC), TG,Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-c concentration increased significantly P
Summary
Hypercholesterolemia, called dyslipidemia is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Hyperlipidemia, elevated serum cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels, responsible for the development of atherosclerotic heart disease [1]. Hypercholesterolemia is a major problem to many societies especially the health professionals because of the close correlation between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and lipid abnormalities [2,3]. Dietary factors such as continuous ingestion of high amounts of saturated fats and cholesterol are believed to be directly related to hypercholesterolemia and susceptibility to atherosclerosis [4]. Clinical trials have demonstrated that intensive reduction of plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels could reverse atherosclerosis and decrease the incidence of cardiovascular diseases [5]. It is believed that hypercholesterolemia is correlated to elevated sugar level and hepatic problems
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