Evaluation of the TEOM® Method for Measurement of Ambient Particulate Mass in Urban Areas

Abstract

Increased interest in the health effects of ambient par–ticulate mass (PM) has focused attention on the evaluation of existing mass measurement methodologies and the definition of PM in ambient air. The Rupprecht and Patashnick Tapered Element Oscillating MicroBalance (TEOM®) method for PM is compared with time–integrated gravimetric (manual) PM methods in large urban areas during different seasons. Comparisons are conducted for both PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations. In urban areas, a substantial fraction of ambient PM can be semi–volatile material. A larger fraction of this component of PM10 may be lost from the TEOM–heated filter than the Federal Reference Method (FRM). The observed relationship between TEOM and FRM methods varied widely among sites and seasons. In East Coast urban areas during the summer, the methods were highly correlated with good agreement. In the winter, correlation was somewhat lower, with TEOM PM concentrations generally lower than the FRM. Rubidoux, CA, and two Mexican sites (Tlalnepantla and Merced) had the highest levels of PM10 and the largest difference between TEOM and manual methods. PM2.5 data from collocation of 24–hour manual samples with the TEOM are also presented. As most of the semi–volatile PM is in the fine fraction, differences between these methods are larger for PM2.5 than for PM10.