Abstract
Objective: To investigate the action of osteopathic manipulative treatment on the muscular activity of the stomatognathic apparatus by using surface electromyography (sEMG). Material and Methods: Surface electromyography (sEMG) was performed on the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles of 120 subjects (73 F; 47 M), both at time T0 and T2. The sample was divided into three randomized groups of 40 subjects each: control, placebo, and osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). In the T1 interval between the two evaluations, the control group was not treated, the placebo group underwent a placebo treatment, and the OMT group underwent manipulative treatment. The mean value of each measurement and its coefficient of variation, between time T0 and T2, were calculated for both the intragroup (OMT, placebo, control) and the intergroup (OMT-placebo, OMT-control). Outcomes: In 40% of the subjects, statistically significant improvements were highlighted in the OMT. Whereas, the statistically significant results of the placebo and control groups were 7.5% and 17.5%, respectively, of which more than 75% moved away from the physiological range, showing a worsening of the muscular activity. This analysis showed statistically significant variations (p ≤ 0.05) in the OMT group compared to the placebo and the control groups. Conclusions: OMT determines variations of the activity of masticatory muscles.
Highlights
The relationship between dental occlusion, body posture, and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a controversial topic in dentistry
In the placebo and control groups, we found less statistically significant changes compared to the osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) group
Further studies on symptomatic patients should be done in the future to assess the effectiveness of the association between gnathological treatment and osteopathic manipulations. The findings of this randomized clinical trial support the effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative treatment on modifying the activity of masticatory muscles
Summary
The relationship between dental occlusion, body posture, and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a controversial topic in dentistry. Literature data are mostly based on the effects of dental occlusion on head and body posture, but limited information is available on the inverse effects of posture on dental occlusion [1]. What is known is that TMDs have a multifactorial etiology that includes a broad range of phenotypic risk factors, as reported in the Orofacial Pain Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment. Study (OPPERA) [2], and that it is a complex disorder often characterized by the co-occurrence of multiple conditions. It is no longer appropriate to consider it solely as a localized orofacial pain condition as the majority of people with chronic TMDs present a multisystem disorder with. Public Health 2020, 17, 3250; doi:10.3390/ijerph17093250 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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