Abstract
BackgroundDysregulation of omentin-1, a beneficial adipokine, is thought to play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between circulating omentin-1 concentrations and components of the metabolic syndrome in adults without type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease, and to determine if sex differences influenced the observed relationships.MethodsFasting blood samples were obtained from 93 adults, ages 30–60 years, without type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease. Participants were classified as having the metabolic syndrome according to American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute criteria. Plasma omentin-1 concentrations were measured using a commercially-available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and relationships between plasma omentin-1 and components of the metabolic syndrome were assessed in the entire study cohort, by metabolic syndrome status, and by sex.ResultsOn average, participants were 48 ± 8 years of age, 50.5% were women, 54.8% were Caucasian, and 70% had the metabolic syndrome. Plasma omentin-1 concentrations did not differ significantly between individuals with versus without the metabolic syndrome (145.7 ± 70 versus 157.4 ± 79.3 ng/ml, p = 0.50). However, men with the metabolic syndrome had significantly lower omentin-1 levels than men without the metabolic syndrome (129.9 ± 66 versus 186.3 ± 84.3 ng/ml, p = 0.03). Plasma omentin-1 concentrations were significantly correlated with HDL cholesterol in the entire study cohort (r = 0.26; p = 0.01), which was primarily driven by a correlation in men (r = 0.451, p = 0.002) and participants with the metabolic syndrome (r = 0.36; p = 0.003). Plasma omentin-1 concentrations did not differ significantly between men and women; however men with the metabolic syndrome had 20% lower plasma omentin-1 levels than women with the metabolic syndrome (p = 0.06).ConclusionThese data demonstrate that circulating omentin-1 levels are associated with HDL cholesterol, primarily in men and in the presence of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, sex appears to influence the relationship between plasma omentin-1 concentrations and components of the metabolic syndrome. Additional studies are needed to explore sexual dimorphism in circulating omentin-1 levels, and the role of omentin-1 in the metabolic syndrome.
Highlights
Dysregulation of omentin-1, a beneficial adipokine, is thought to play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Baseline characteristics and metabolic syndrome phenotype The study population consisted of 93 participants without type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease who were screened for the parent metabolic syndrome study
Plasma omentin-1 concentrations were significantly correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the entire study cohort (r = 0.26, p = 0.01, Figure 2A)
Summary
Dysregulation of omentin-1, a beneficial adipokine, is thought to play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Omentin-1 is a beneficial adipokine that enhances insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and triggers Akt signaling, which mediates downstream effects such as glucose metabolism [2,3]. Along these lines, dysregulation of omentin-1 secretion is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease [3]. Omentin-1 has garnered attention as a possible contributor to the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome [14,17]
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