Evaluation of the nasopalatine canal and variations with cone-beam computed tomography

Abstract

Although nasopalatine canal (NPC) is one of the most important anatomical structures in premaxillary region, few documents are available with regard to anatomic variations, size, and morphology of NPC in the literature. In recent years, the need for radiological identification of anatomical structures has grown with increased dental implant applications in anterior maxillary region with higher esthetic expectations. This study aimed at investigating the NPC's shape and anatomical variations by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the Turkish society, in a particular region. A total of 500 individual CBCT images were investigated in terms of morphological, dimensional, and anatomical features of NPC. In addition, the width of incisive foramen (IF) and foramina of Stenson were evaluated. There was no statistically significant difference (p=0.234) between women and men in terms of NPC shape. Morphological assessment of NPC revealed that 38.78% of NPCs were hourglass-like in shape, 27.35% of canals were funnel-shaped, 9.18% of canals were conical shaped, and 8.25% of canals were cylindrical shaped. The mean IF width and NPC length was found as 5.06 and 12.59mm, respectively. And the mean canal length was found significantly longer in men than women (p<0.001). It has been shown that NPC has a lot of anatomical variations with regard to its dimensions as well as its morphological appearance. Therefore, identification of the anatomical structure of this region with two- and three-dimensional imaging techniques maybe thought to be important in facilitating surgical management and preventing possible complications.