Abstract
The sorption of basic dyes onto magnetic nanosorbent is commonly used as a novel material to combat powdered activated carbon, which is difficult to handle and separate during water and wastewater treatment. This adsorption method is commonly implemented in water and wastewater treatment due to its low cost and high performance. To explore the feasibility of adsorption, six different nonlinear isotherm models were applied and introduced to evaluate the performance and adsorption mechanisms via Microsoft Excel, and they were then compared to those of MATLAB and OriginPro. The Langmuir best provided the sorption of methylene blue adsorbed for a two-parameter isotherm model. The three-parameter model Toth gave a goodness of fit indicating a heterogeneous sorbent surface. Error function analysis found that the Residual Sum of Squares Error, Chi-square, Coefficient of determination, Average Relative Error, Hybrid Fractional Error Function, Marquardt’s Percent Standard Deviation and Root Mean Square Error provided the best overall results. In comparison, it could be concluded that six isotherm models showed the confidence interval that is simply the best fit at all experimental data points provided by the three software tools. All error function results indicated that the Microsoft Excel Solver function spreadsheet method satisfied all the statistic measures to predict the real variance of the probability of experimental data for all six isotherm models of adsorption of basic dye removal. One added benefit of this Microsoft Excel software tool is the built-in function associated with the desired type of application, which designates the desired type of error/statistical functions not mentioned in this research to the adsorbent materials used.
Highlights
This article is an open access articleIn a water treatment plant, it is a necessity to remove contaminants, such as organic and inorganic materials, which can act as precursors for the production of disinfection by-products
Where qe is the methylene adsorbed at equilibrium, C0 is an initial concentration, Ce is an equilibrium concentration of methylene blue, V (L) is the volume of the raw water used in a previous study and m (g) is the mass of the prepared magnetic nanosorbent
The error functions were examined with the same time period to achieve the statistical values from the isotherm models, such as ERRSQ/SSE, χ2, R2, Hybrid Fractional Error Function (HYBRID), Average Relative Error (ARE), Marquardt’s Percent Standard Deviation (MPSD) and RMSE
Summary
In a water treatment plant, it is a necessity to remove contaminants, such as organic and inorganic materials, which can act as precursors for the production of disinfection by-products. Various types of activated carbon are widely used for the treatment of contaminants in many environmental applications by an adsorption process because of the high specific surface area; the high degree of surface reactivity [1,2]; and the existence distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons. It is widely known that powdered activated carbon is extremely difficult to handle and separate from water and wastewater treatment plants. Magnetic particles and magnetic nanosorbents were used to adsorb pollutants from water and air [5], but their applications are limited due to their small surface area and morphology structures.
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