Abstract
Background: Zimbabwe started HIV case-based surveillance in April 2017. Rapid testing for HIV recent infection was introduced into routine HIV and testing services in 2019 along with the Impilo Electronic Health Record System. For the period January-June 2020, only 1 out of 13 health facilities in Mutare district reported seven newly diagnosed HIV patients through the electronic health record system compared to 483 in the District Health Information System (DHIS-2) recorded from paper-based registers. We evaluated the case-based surveillance system attributes, usefulness and reasons for under-reporting from January-December 2020. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using updated Centres for Disease Control guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems. Questionnaires were administered to 36 health workers involved in HIV testing services. Facility checklists were used to collect data on knowledge, system attributes and usefulness of the system. Completed HIV case-based surveillance forms were assessed for completeness. Epi Info Version 7 was used to generate frequencies, means and proportions. Results: The reasons for under-reporting of patients in the electronic health record system were lack of reporting guidelines 26/36 (72%), limited coordination between technical staff and health facilities 24/36 (67%) and limited competency on the Electronic health record system 22/36 (61%). Timeliness, completeness, and validity were 88%, 82% and 100% respectively. The stability of the system was affected by the lack of standard operating procedures during system interruptions. Overall representativeness was 45% despite increasing from 3/226 (1%) to 224/303 (73%) between Quarter-1 and Quarter-4 of 2020. Acceptability was 100% due to reduced paperwork and the ability to generate simple reports. The information generated was used to identify new infection hotspots 28/36 (78%). Conclusion: The HIV cases based surveillance system was timely, acceptable with good data quality. Representativeness was poor due to limited competency on the electronic health record system. As a result, health workers received further training.
Highlights
HIV remains a major global public health challenge with an estimated 38 million people living with HIV worldwide [1]
Zimbabwe has one of the highest HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa at 12.8%, with an estimated 1.4 million People Living with HIV (PLHIV) and 40,000 new HIV cases recorded in Zimbabwe in 2019 [3]
We evaluated the HIV Case-Based Surveillance (CBS) system with recency testing in Mutare district to determine the reasons for under-reporting of newly diagnosed HIV cases through the Electronic Health Record (EHR) system, assessed the attributes of the HIV CBS system, determined the usefulness of the system and assessed health workers’ knowledge of the HIV CBS system in the paper
Summary
HIV remains a major global public health challenge with an estimated 38 million people living with HIV worldwide [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the consolidated guidelines on person-centered HIV patient monitoring and case surveillance in 2017 [4]. HIV Case-Based Surveillance (CBS) is the systematic, continuous reporting and analysis of routinely generated longitudinal individual-level (single case) demographic and health event (sentinel) data about people living with HIV [5]. The implementation of HIV case-based surveillance systems is influenced by several factors including country policies and guidance on mandatory reporting, strong political support as well as local technical and programming expertise, which are critical for successful implementation [7]. We evaluated the case-based surveillance system attributes, usefulness and reasons for under-reporting from January-December 2020.
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