Evaluation of the effectiveness of integrating electric vehicles into fleet operations

Despite their low environmental impact, electrical vehicles have low penetration in the automotive market. Consumers are reluctant for technical reasons (limited driving range and long charging time) but also for an economic reason (high investment costs). Electric vehicle total cost of ownership (TCO) is often perceived as higher than for a thermal car, especially in Europe where diesel cars have a lower TCO than gasoline cars. Accurate TCO estimations are critical, but most of the techno-economic studies of electrified vehicles are based on very simplified energy models. In this paper, a techno-economic model is developed using an accurate technical model of an electric vehicle and a diesel car of the same segment. These technical models are validated by experimental measurements on real cars using real driving cycles. These models are then coupled to economic models to calculate TCO for a French case study. The total cost of ownership of the studied electric car is lower than for the equivalent diesel car by about 1000€ for a 5-year ownership period. Of particular importance is the finding that using real driving cycles instead of standard driving cycles decreases the TCO of electric cars while simultaneously increasing the TCO of diesel vehicles. This has implications for techno-economic models, suggesting that the typical TCO approach that uses manufacturer-reported standard cycle data may be systemically biased towards thermal vehicles. In order to understand how TCO may change in different locations, a sensitivity analysis varies different technical and economic factors. Government subsidy, ownership duration, and vehicle depreciation are the most important factors for the TCO of electric vehicles. However, TCO of the electric cars can be lower than the TCO of equivalent diesel cars under a wide range of reasonable inputs.

Effect of adoption of electric vehicles on public health and air pollution in China: a modelling study

Widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is a common and critical component of international strategies to mitigate environmental pollution, climate change and oil dependency. The ability of consumers to assess the total cost of ownership (TCO) of EVs relative to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) remains an important factor for EV uptake. The TCO of vehicles is not universal across different car segments and user profiles. We analyse and compare the TCO of ICEVs and EVs from 17 car segments across short- and long-term ownership periods, and further advance existing TCO approaches by integrating detailed activity-based driving profiles, taxation, grant structures and pricing. Results show that EV options in the most popular Irish car segments have existing battery EV options with a TCO averaging respectively 26% and 42% less than their equivalent petrol and diesel ICEV options over a 4-year ownership term when the current grant is included. This integrated method for granular TCO evaluation offers important insights for this market and affords scope to investigate how changes in travel patterns, car-segment pricing, taxation, grant policy, fuel costs, and carbon pricing and other transport policies can all affect TCO values over time across a broad range of market offerings.

Are electric vehicles economically viable in sub-Saharan Africa? The total cost of ownership of internal combustion engine and electric vehicles in Tanzania

Green vehicles, such as electric vehicles (EVs), are getting noteworthy popularity among consumers worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to establish EVs as a feasible long-term solution for the future of technology in the vehicle industry, which can decrease the current dependency on fossil fuels and also decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As a part of long-term benefits, the adoption of EVs gives environmentally friendly innovation to society. Despite positive environmental implications, the total number of EVs in usage is still inadequate. One of the major causes of this insubstantial adoption of EVs is largely dependent on the perceptions of consumers regarding EVs. However, this particular research study offers an inclusive outline on the existing hurdles for consumer adoption of EVs as well as a framework of the theoretical standpoints that were developed for the adoption behaviour, in addition to considering consumer intentions in the direction of EVs. In this particular study, the researcher found that the literature regarding EV adoption tried to address only the diffusion method of EVs. Whereas this study highlights consumer innovations, which provides a wide insight on consumer emotions to overlook the major aspect in consumer EVs' adoption research. The theme of this particular literature can be implemented in order to better understand the consumers' emotions and behaviour towards the adoption of EVs. The scholars further stated that there is a possible cause for more recent developments within the technological adoption part that can assist to be a standard for upcoming developments. For the last few years, knowledge regarding the problems surrounding the adoption and diffusion of EVs has gained less attention. This study expands this line of research by focusing on making a chance for developing the theoretical frameworks in terms of adding emotions in a psychological perspective where consumer behaviour and ethics are considered. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Which state is the cleanest of them all? Pricing long run heterogeneity in carbon abatement costs across America

Objectives: This study explores consumer attitudes towards electric vehicle (EV) adoption in Vietnam, emphasizing environmental concerns and the willingness to embrace EVs. It also investigates the influence of ride-hailing services in facilitating EV adoption and identifies the challenges faced, along with potential solutions. Additionally, the study contributes to several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, by promoting sustainable transportation and contributing to more sustainable and livable cities. Theoretical Framewwork: The study employs a framework linking environmental awareness, consumer behavior, and the adoption of sustainable technologies, such as electric vehicles (EVs). Method: The research employed a survey targeting 782 users in major Vietnamese cities to collect data on their environmental concerns and EV usage patterns. Results and Discussions: The study found a high level of environmental concern among respondents, but a lower rate of EV ownership. It also highlighted the role of ride-hailing services in facilitating EV adoption. Key Findings: (1) A high percentage (80%) of respondents expressed concern about environmental issues and the role of Evs; (2) While a significant portion (74%) had used EV ride-hailing services, only a minority (30%) owned an electric scooter; (3) EV ride-hailing services are gaining popularity and are seen as a pathway to wider EV adoption. Research Implications: The study highlights the importance of understanding consumer perceptions and behaviors in shaping effective EV promotion strategies. The study's findings have implications for policymakers and businesses seeking to promote EV adoption in Vietnam, suggesting a need for addressing consumer concerns and leveraging ride-hailing services. Originality/Value: The study's originality lies in its focus on the Vietnamese market and the specific interplay between environmental concerns, EV adoption, and ride-hailing services.

The Indian automobile industry is undergoing a paradigm shift with the increasing focus on Electric Vehicles (EVs). Driven by the dual objectives of reducing carbon emissions and minimizing dependence on fossil fuels, India is witnessing a growing interest in EVs among consumers, manufacturers, and policymakers. This study explores the current landscape of electric vehicles in India, focusing on the opportunities for growth, such as government support, technological advancement, and environmental benefits, as well as the challenges, including infrastructure limitations, high costs, and consumer skepticism. Using primary and secondary data sources, this research provides an analytical understanding of India's readiness for an EV revolution and offers strategic suggestions to accelerate adoption. The 21st century has witnessed a transformative shift in the global transportation landscape, driven by the urgent need to mitigate environmental degradation, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and adopt sustainable technologies. Among the most promising innovations in this domain is the development and adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs). These vehicles offer a cleaner and greener alternative to conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles by significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and noise levels. In the context of India, one of the fastest-growing economies with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, the transition to electric mobility presents both immense opportunities and significant challenges. India’s transportation sector is currently a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and urban air pollution. With increasing urbanization and motorization, the demand for personal and commercial vehicles is rising rapidly, exacerbating environmental concerns. At the same time, India imports more than 80% of its crude oil requirements, leading to substantial economic burden and energy insecurity. In this scenario, Electric Vehicles have emerged as a strategic solution, aligning with India’s commitments under the Paris Agreement and its broader goal of achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2070. The Indian government has been proactive in promoting EV adoption through initiatives like the FAME (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles) scheme, offering incentives, subsidies, and tax benefits to consumers and manufacturers alike. State governments have also introduced EV policies aimed at encouraging local manufacturing, creating charging infrastructure, and increasing public awareness. Moreover, the falling costs of lithium-ion batteries, technological advancements, and the rising popularity of shared mobility platforms are further strengthening the EV ecosystem. Despite these favorable developments, India’s EV market is still at a nascent stage, accounting for only a small fraction of the overall automobile sales. The path to widespread EV adoption is hindered by several critical challenges, such as inadequate charging infrastructure, high initial costs, limited driving range, battery performance concerns, and lack of consumer awareness. These factors have created a gap between policy ambitions and actual ground-level adoption, especially in rural and semi-urban areas. This study aims to critically examine the opportunities and challenges associated with the adoption of electric vehicles in India. It explores the current status of the EV industry, government policies, market trends, consumer perception, technological barriers, and the socio-economic implications of a shift toward electric mobility. By analyzing both primary data from stakeholders and secondary sources including industry reports and academic studies, this research endeavors to provide a holistic understanding of the electric vehicle landscape in India. The findings of this study will be valuable for policymakers, automobile manufacturers, environmentalists, and consumers alike. It will not only shed light on the practical obstacles that need to be addressed but also offer strategic recommendations to accelerate the growth of electric vehicles in India. Ultimately, the transition to electric mobility is not merely a technological change—it represents a fundamental shift toward a more sustainable, energy- efficient, and environmentally responsible future.

Barriers to the adoption of electric vehicles: Evidence from India

As decarbonisation is becoming increasingly important, many countries have placed an emphasis on decarbonising their transportation sector through electrification to support the transition to net zero. As such, research regarding the adoption of electric vehicles has drastically increased in recent years. Mathematical modelling plays an important role in optimising a transition to electric vehicles. This article describes a systematic literature review of existing works which perform mathematical modelling of the adoption of electric motor vehicles. In this study, 53 articles containing mathematical models of electric vehicle adoption are reviewed systematically to answer 6 research questions regarding the process of modelling transitions to electric vehicles. The mathematical modelling techniques observed in existing literature are discussed, along with the main barriers to electric vehicle adoption, and future research directions are suggested. • Mathematical modelling is important in optimising transitions to electric vehicles. • The most common modelling techniques are discrete choice modelling and agent based modelling. • Lack of successful business models is a significant barrier to EV adoption.

There have been various barriers such as range anxiety, technology resistance, long charging time, lack of infrastructure, uncertainty, safety, and price to mass household adoption of electric vehicles. Technology adoption and diffusion have gained much attention in many applications of agent-based model. This study attempts to investigate the adoption and diffusion of electric vehicles under a various scenarios in an artificial society. This agent-based model incorporates word of mouth effect, socio-demographic information, incentives, and social network effect including threshold model. The adoption and diffusion model of electric vehicles is developed not only to explore heterogeneous agents' behaviors whether or not to make a decision to adopt an electric vehicle based on agent's socio-demographic attributes, driving habit, and gas price, but to provide some measures by sensitivity analysis to help electric vehicle manufactures and policy makers in their decision-making. The preliminary simulation results present agent's decision change over time as a result of interactions among agents and between agents and environment, and suggest that the price of an electric vehicle and gas price are significant factors in the adoption of electric vehicles rather than government financial incentives.

Exploring the value of electric vehicles to domestic end-users

Establishment of the National Centre for E-Vehicle and Sustainable Technology (EVST)

Purpose Based on the available literature, this paper aims to build a theoretical framework identifying the following five factors influencing electric vehicle (EV) adoption: 1) demographic factors, 2) environmental factors, 3) infrastructural factors, 4) economic factors and 5) fiscal policy factors. The authors then identified the variables representing these factors and built a linear regression model. The authors collected cross-sectional data of the identified variables of Indian states and estimated the regression model using the ordinary least squares method. Design/methodology/approach India has witnessed a rapid adoption of EVs in the two-wheelers and three-wheelers segment. The paper aims to identify the factors influencing EV adoption in India. Findings The estimated results indicate that EV adoption is significantly increasing in India due to the rising population and increasing number of power charging stations. The authors also found that government policy incentives have no significant impact on EV adoption. Practical implications The study’s findings and the recommended changes in India’s current EV policy aim to help policymakers achieve faster adoption of EVs in India. Originality/value The authors further conducted a sentiment analysis of the people’s comments on popular YouTube videos and found that most people have negative sentiments towards EV adoption because of battery-related problems and range anxiety.

We model the effect of plug-in electric vehicle (EV) adoption on U.S. power system generator capacity investment, operations, and emissions through 2050 by estimating power systems outcomes under a range of EV adoption trajectory scenarios. Our EV adoption scenarios are informed by 1) an Energy Information Administration scenario with no policy intervention, 2) EV growth expected under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), 3) a Biden Administration 50% EV sales target by 2030, 4) the Environmental Protection Agency's projections under vehicle emissions standards, and 5) the International Energy Agency's roadmap to Net Zero by 2050. We find across these scenarios that increasing EV adoption induces investment in new wind, solar, storage, and natural gas capacity, affecting power generation mix and emissions. The net effect of increasing EV adoption beyond our IRA base case is to increase power sector emissions by about 5 mtCO2eq per EV-year in 2026 (comparable to displaced gasoline vehicle combustion emissions), but this effect rapidly drops to annual levels below 1 mtCO2eq per EV-year by 2032 and continues below this level through 2050. Consequential effects of EV adoption vary regionally, with most regions primarily increasing wind or solar capacity and some regions primarily increasing natural gas capacity, even in 2050. Our national emissions estimates per EV-year are relatively robust to the level of EV adoption beyond our baseline and to variation in assumptions about power systems, EV behavior, and policy.