Evaluation of the effectiveness of biological fungicides in various sunflower protection systems

Goal. Study of the efficiency of application of chemical, biological and biological-chemical protection systems of apple trees against harmful organisms in the conditions of the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine.
 Methods. Phytosanitary monitoring was carried out visually and with the help of pheromone traps. Phytophagous colonization and disease development were recorded according to generally accepted methods in the phases of apple development: «swelling of buds», «green cone», «bud extension», «bud separation», «pink bud», «blooming», «end of flowering», «fruit formation», «fruit growth» and «fruit ripening». The technical effectiveness of insecticides was determined after 5 and 7 days, and the effectiveness of fungicides — after 7 days. Statistical processing of research results was carried out by the method of variance analysis.
 Results. The results of monitoring the phytosanitary state of apple plantations established that the most common pests in 2018—2020 in the conditions of the Precarpathian Province of the Carpathian Mountain Zone of Ukraine were: apple fruit borer (37.2%), aphids (19.5%), leafhoppers (12.2%), mites (8.0%), apple moth (8.3%), flower eater (7.9%), hairy deer (6.9%); the most common diseases: scab (38.2%), powdery mildew (32.8%), moniliosis (14.2%), fruit rot (14.8%). All studied apple tree protection systems against harmful organisms in the conditions of the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine obtained high yield rates, and all protection systems allowed to reliably protect apple orchards from pests and diseases. The technical efficiency of the chemical protection system, which included 12 treatments with chemical pesticides, averaged 82.5—96.5%. Productivity using this system was 26.5—26.7 t/ha. The biological protection system, which was based on 7 treatments with biological preparations, made it possible to obtain an apple yield 22.4—22.9 t/ha. The technical efficiency of the preparations of the biological defense system was at the level 66.1% — 72.3%. The system of biological and chemical protection of apple trees against harmful organisms included 7 treatments, reducing the use of chemical protection agents to one treatment, which made it possible to significantly reduce the amount of chemical agents used, minimize the negative impact of pesticides on the ecosystem of the apple orchard, and obtain productivity 23.5—25.1 t/ ha, for the effectiveness of drugs 66.3 94.3%.
 Conclusions. When apple orchards are heavily colonized by pests and diseases, it is recommended to use a chemical protection system that includes 12 treatments with chemical pesticides (9 treatments with a mixture of insecticides and fungicides, 2 treatments with fungicides and one treatment with insecticides) in accordance with the 12 main phases of apple tree development in which the most harmful organisms inhabit and damage the ecosystem of the apple orchard during the period from the «green cone» phenophase to the «fruit ripening» phenophase. To reduce the use of chemical protection agents in apple orchards, a biological and chemical system should be used: in the «green cone» phenophase, one treatment with chemical pesticides, and in the «end of flowering» phenophase — «fruit ripening» — with biological preparations. Under the condition of complete withdrawal from the use of chemical pesticides, the system of biological protection of the apple tree should be used, which is based on seven treatments with biological preparations in the phenophase «separation of buds» — «ripening of fruits».

The data on the effectiveness of using chemical, fungal and bacterial fungicides to treat seeds and crops of spring soft wheat in order to limit harmfulness of major diseases are presented. The research was conducted in 2020–2022 on chernozem leached forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk region Priobye. Chemical seed protectant Scarlet and its mixture with Vitaplan were the most effective dressers in the fight against root rots. It has been demonstrated that although biopreparations are inferior in efficiency to chemical ones, they act for a longer period of time and protect the plant from the disease for a longer period of time. Seed dressing with chemical preparation reduced the development of leaf diseases by 53–58%, and with biopreparations – by 34–41%. Titul 390 was the most effective of the vegetation treatments – 60–98%. The efficiency of the biopreparations was 42–64% in the years of moderate disease development. In the years of strong development of septoriosis or powdery mildew, the efficiency of biopreparations did not exceed 22–30%. The biological preparations had a growth-stimulating effect on the plants: they increased the flag leaf area by 22–39%. The seed treatment showed an increasing trend in the number of spikelets, grains per ear and grain weight per ear. Application of the preparations during the vegetation period increased reliably the ear length by 16–28%, the number of spikelets – by 15–20, grains – by 24–31, grain weight per ear – by 33–51%. At seed dressing the greatest increase in the yield (0.15 t/ha) was provided by Scarlet, when using a mixture of biological and chemical preparations it amounted to 0.11 t/ha. When treated during the growing season, chemical fungicide increased the yield by 0.33 t/ha, while biopreparations increased the yield by 0.11–0.14 t/ha. Complex use of chemical preparations (Scarlet + Titul 390) provided the maximum yield increase – 0.62 t/ha, from the joint use of chemical and biological preparation the yield increased by 0.15–0.33 t/ha. The biological preparations increased this indicator by 0.13–0.23 t/ha. It has been concluded that it is possible to select combinations of chemical and biological preparations that can control phytosanitary situation and provide acceptable yield.

Objective. Study the effect of treating seeds of various sunflower hybrids on biological properties using biological preparations both separately and in combination with treaters. Methods. Laboratory according to DSTU 4138:2002. Results. Sunflower seed treatment (hybrids of sunflower seeds NS 7749 and NS 8004) with biological preparations Azotofit®-r, Fitocid-r, Organic-Balance both separately and in combination with a complex of chemical dressers Kariolis + Kruizer contributed to an increase in germination power by an average of 4–12 %, laboratory germination — by 3–9 %. Regardless of the hybrid, seed treatment with biological preparations Organic-Balance and Fitocid-r provided a significant increase in germination power by 10.7–10.9 % and 7.4–8.1 % and laboratory germination by 8.3–8.6 % and 6.1–6.5 %, respectively. Seed treatment with Azotofit®-r had a slight effect on the sowing quality of seeds — an increase in the studied indicators by 3–4 % compared to the control. When treating seeds with a complex that combined chemical treaters with biological preparations, an increase in germination power on average by 4.1–12.3 % and laboratory seed germination by 3.8–9.0 % compared to the control were found. The highest effect on increasing the germination power of the seeds of the studied hybrids by 12.0–12.3 % and laboratory germination by 8.4–9.0 % compared to the control was found when combining the biological preparation Organic-Balance with chemical treaters Kariolis + Kruizer. A positive effect of seed treatment with the studied preparations on increasing the length of the sprout was found, namely: under the action of Organic-Balance — by 25–27 %, Fitocid-r — by 18–20 %, Azotofit®-r — by 11–18 %. In the variants of the experiment with a combination of chemical and biological preparations, the linear dimensions of the sprouts were somewhat smaller compared to the variants where the seeds were treated only with biological preparations, but compared to the control, the sprouts were longer on average by 2.56–3.59 cm, or by 15–21 %. The inhibitory effect of the studied biological preparations on phytopathogenic micromycetes on the seeds was established at the level of 48–67 %, and when combined with chemical treaters Kariolis + Kruizer — up to 90–93 %. Conclusion. A positive effect on seed quality and suppression of phytopathogens of fungal aetiology was established by treating sunflower seeds with biological preparations Organic-Balance and Fitocid-r both separately and in combination with chemical treaters Kariolis + Kruizer.

The results of the studies on the influence of various protection systems on the phytosanitary situation in planting colored potato varieties in the conditions of the Novosibirsk region are presented. It has been established that the chemical protectant Celest Top more effectively reduces the development of rhizoctoniosis (black scab) in comparison with the biological preparation Bactofort. On average, this indicator when using the chemical system was significantly lower by 4.8 times in the germination phase, and 2.0 times lower in the period of budding-beginning of flowering of the culture. A significant influence of the optimization of mineral nutrition for the biological preparation Bactofort was established, in this case, against the background of mineral fertilizers, the development of rhizoctoniosis is 1.2 times lower. In the phase of budding – the beginning of flowering the disease development on the fertilized background with the use of chemical system of protection is marked significantly higher by 1.4 times in comparison with the background of natural fertility, with the biological system in this period this indicator has no differences. The number of the Colorado potato beetle when using the chemical system was significantly lower by 3.6 times in comparison with the biologized one. Optimization of mineral nutrition with the use of a chemical protection system significantly increased the number of the pest by 5.0 times in comparison with the background of natural fertility, while with a biological system this indicator does not have significant differences. The productivity of the culture is significantly higher when using a chemical protection system in comparison with a biologized one by 1.5 times. On a fertilized background, when using a chemical protection system, the productivity of potatoes is significantly higher by 1.2 times in comparison with the background of natural fertiity. At the same time, with a biologized system, this indicator does not have significant differences. Individual reaction of the varieties to the studied protective techniques has been noted. Among the four varieties studied, All Red should be singled out, in which the development of rhizoctoniosis on the stems on both protection systems at both levels of mineral nutrition was generally the smallest among all variety samples. The varieties All Red and Violet were the least populated by the Colorado potato beetle – an average of 0.50–0.55 ind./plant. The highest yield was obtained when growing the Rosemaria variety (average factor 22.3 t/ha). To control rhizoctoniosis and Colorado potato beetle on potatoes, it is possible to use biological protection systems, but taking into account the biological characteristics of the varieties.

The soil used for the field experiment was PLb-g4 Endohipogleyic Eutric Planasol. The research aimed to investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilisation rates and biological preparations on yield structure elements and partial factor productivity of nitrogen in maize (Zea mays L.) grown for grain production. The factors studied were Factor A—nitrogen (N) fertiliser rates: (1) 100 kg ha−1, (2) 140 kg ha−1, and (3) 180 kg ha−1, and Factor B—use of biofertilisers: (1) no biological preparations (BP) used, (2) biological preparation (AB)—nitrogen bacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa (1.0 L ha−1), (3) biological preparations (AB + C)—nitrogen bacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa (1.0 L ha−1) and cytokinin, and (4) biological preparations (AB + H)—nitrogen bacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa (1.0 L ha−1) and humic acids. The research showed that the yield of maize grain was significantly increased not only by increasing the rates of nitrogen fertilisation but also by using biological preparations. The highest maize grain yield (11.5 t ha−1) was obtained in 2020 using N180 fertilisation, in combination with biological preparations AB + H. In all cases, the biological preparations and their combinations significantly increased the maize grain yield compared to the control field (no use of BP). The biological preparations in combination with N significantly increased the weight of 1000 grains and thus the grain yield per plant. The highest maize grain yield per plant (154.6 g) was obtained in 2020 using N180 fertilisation, in combination with biological preparations AB + H. In most cases, positive, strong, very strong, and statistically significant correlations were observed between the different rates of nitrogen fertilisation and the indicators studied: r = 0.76–0.94 (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). No statistically significant correlation was found between nitrogen fertilisation rates and the number of grains per cob (p > 0.05). The highest partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertiliser (92.0 kg of maize kg−1 of N) was obtained in 2020 using N100 fertilisation, in combination with AB + H. Increasing the nitrogen fertiliser rates and not using biological preparations resulted in a decrease in the partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertiliser.

Modern agrarian production requires a number of measures that will provide the most substantial level of crop productivity, high quality of basic products and reducing the expenses for their cultivation. One of the effective strategies in the technology of sunflower cultivation is the pre-seeding inoculation of seeds with microbial preparations, as well as non-root crop treatments of sunflower plants with biological preparations that have a fungicidal component in the period of vegetation. The results of the experiment showed that this strategy significantly improves the phytosanitary state of the crop. The research is based on new hybrids of sunflower, a mixture of biological preparations with growth stimulants to prevent the spread of sunflower diseases. The study deals with the influence of scrubbing substances of biological origin, that have a fungicidal component in its formulation, on the level of pathogenic microflora in the cultivation of sunflower hybrids in the southern steppe of Ukraine. Field studies on the influence of growth stimulators and biological fungicides on the extent of diseases in sunflower hybrids and its productivity were carried out on the pilot field of Kherson State Agrarian University during 2016-2018. The scheme of the study included the analysis of the following factors: factor A – sunflower hybrids of the company "Limagrain"; factor B - biological fungicides and growth stimulators; factor C - time of preparation application. Seed treatment was carried out according to the experimental scheme - one day before sowing, in the phase of differentiation of cone growth and in the phase of budding. The result of the developed method is the application of biological preparation mixture with growth stimulants that will guarantee the farmers the high yield and will help to reduce the attenuation of sunflower on gray rot and false powdery mildew

Goal. was to research biological preparations efficiency usage in alternaria blight harmfulness decrease and to develop effective cultivar protection system.
 Methods. Field and laboratory — vegetative researches. Tubers were treated by allowed biological preparations as Lists of pesticides: Planrise (Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain AR-33), Phytodoctor (Bacillus subtilis); MicoHelp (Trichoderma, Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter, Enterobacter, Enterococcus) for disease developing decrease. The present preparations were used for spraying in future. The treating during the growing period favoured the plant organism resistance to stress conditions of environment. The first plant treating was conducted at the blossoming beginning before alternaria blight appearing on plant’s leaves plants. The second spraying was conducted during the first spots appearing on the plates of early potato varieties.
 Results. The researches results biological preparations: Planrise, Phytodoctor, MicoHelp treating potato defeated plants by alternaria blight were proposed. The biological preparations relative high efficiency was determined.
 Conclusions. The researched preparations technical efficiency was also depended upon the conducting testing variety. The biological preparation MicoHelp (variety Serpanok) showed the highest technical efficiency (46.2%) during the plant treating against potato alternaria blight. The preparation MicoHelp (variety Svitanok Kyivskyi) showed the highest efficiency during the potato treating in vegetation period. So the biological control protection means usage in the modern potato varieties allows to decrease negative impact of used preparations and put into production effective and ecologically — friendly means for alternaria blight limit in terms of Western Foreststeppe of Ukraine.

The application of preparations of biological origin in the protection system of soybean grown under conditions of intensive irrigated crop rotations conforms to the modern tendencies of science and production development. The use of them contributes to solving ecological, production and social-economic problems. The study presents the three-year research on the efficiency of systems protecting soybean from pests and diseases based on biological and chemical preparations. The research was conducted in typical soil and climate conditions of the South of Ukraine. Zonal agricultural methods and generally accepted research methodology were used. The purpose of the research was to create a soybean protection system based on preparations of biological origin, ensuring high productivity of high-quality products reducing a negative impact of the crop production on the environment. The study emphasizes that, under irrigated conditions of the South of Ukraine, the application of biological preparations has a positive impact on the indexes of growth, development and formation of the elements of soybean yield structure. There was an increase in the crop biological weight by 13.8 % and 22.1 % and the number of seeds per plant rose by 11.6 and 14.6 % as a consequence of eliminating harmful organisms with the plant protection systems. The larger ground mass was formed by medium-ripe varieties Danai and Svyatogor, on which the increase from protection measures was higher. Weight 1000 pcs. the seeds did not undergo significant changes. It is established that the larger seeds were formed by Danaya and Svyatogor varieties, in which the average weight is 1000 pcs. seeds were 142 and 136 g, respectively, while in the variety Diona this figure was 133 g. There was an increase in the height of the lowest pod when the total plant height rose. For medium-ripe varieties was characterized by a higher attachment of beans, where the highest values of this indicator acquired in the variety Svyatogor. The medium maturing soybean variety Danaia formed the maximum yield of 3.23 and 3.35 t/ha respectively, when biological and chemical protection systems were applied. The research establishes that the application of the bio-fungicide Psevdobakterin 2 (2.0 l/ha) in the crop protection system at the beginning of soybean flowering and the bio-fungicide Baktofit (2.5 l/ha) with the bio-insecticide Lepidotsid-BTU (10.0 l/ha) at the beginning of pod formation does not reduce the productivity of the soybean varieties under study considerably, when compared to the application of chemical preparations. The research determines that the soybean protection system under study ensures a decrease in the coefficient of soybean water uptake by 7.2-13.0 %, increasing the total water intake to an inconsiderable degree. Biologization of the soybean crop protection system leads to a reduction in production costs compared to the chemical protection system. Taking into account the needs for the collection of additional products, costs increase by an average of 1 thousand UAH/ha, while for chemical protection systems by 1.8 thousand UAH/ha. At the same time, the cost is reduced by 220-360 UAH/t and the profitability of growing crops is increased by 3.8-7.8 %. There has been a reduction in the burden of pesticides on the environment and the production of cleaner products. This indicates the prospect of using the biofungicides Pseudobacterin 2 and Bactophyte and the bioinsecticide Lepidocid-BTU on soybeans to protect plants from pests.

Sowing qualities of sorghum seeds depending on treatment with biological preparations

After evaluating the ecological and economic aspects, it is predicted that the use of urease inhibitors and biological preparations should reduce the risk of nutrient leaching by using fertilizers containing amide, ammonium, and nitrate forms of nitrogen and would increase nitrogen use efficiency. Moreover, with lower nitrogen fertilizer rates, it would be possible to achieve or even increase planned maize biomass yield. The field experiment was performed in 2019–2021 at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy. The soil of the experimental field was Endohipogleyic-Eutric Planasol. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of urease inhibitors and biological preparations in combination with nitrogen fertilizers on the productivity of aboveground maize (Zea mays L.) biomass. A two-factor experiment was carried out: factor A included nitrogen fertilizer rates of (1) 100 kg N ha−1, (2) 140 kg N ha−1, and (3) 180 kg N ha−1; and factor B included the use of preparations of (1) no use of urease inhibitors (UIs) and biological preparations (BPs) (control), (2) the urease inhibitor ammonium thiosulphate (UI ATS), (3) the urease inhibitor (UI URN)—N-Butyl-thiophosphorus triamide (NBPT), (4) the biological preparation of suspension of humic and fulvic acids (BP HUM); and (5) the biological preparation (BP FIT) of suspension of Ascophyllum nodosum The studies showed that the dry matter yield of maize was significantly increased not only by increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates but also by the use of UIs and BPs. The highest dry matter yield of maize (24.1 t ha−1) was obtained with N180 fertilizer and UI ATS. UI ATS significantly increased the dry matter yield of the aboveground maize in all nitrogen fertilization backgrounds. The UIs and BPs tested had a greater and significant (p < 0.05) effect on the dry matter yield of maize at lower rates of N100 and N140 nitrogen fertilizer. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates up to N180 had a positive significant effect on dry matter yields of the aboveground part of maize, its cobs, leaves, and stems. Positive, moderate, strong, and very strong correlations were found in most cases between the latter variables. These correlations were statistically significant (r2 = 0.62–0.98). The UIs and BPs increased the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer; therefore, the lower rates of nitrogen fertilizer (N100 and N140) could be used to produce maize productivity the same as that obtained with a high rate of nitrogen fertilizer (N180).

The field experiment was performed in 2019–2021 at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy (54°52′ N, 23°49′ E). The soil of the experimental field was Endohipogleyic-Eutric Planasol. The studied factors were: Factor A—different nitrogen fertilizer rates: (1) 100 kg N ha−1; (2) 140 kg N ha−1; (3) 180 kg N ha−1; Factor B—the use of urease inhibitors (UI) and biological preparations (BP): (1) urease inhibitors (UI) and biological preparations (BP) were not used; (2) Urease inhibitor (UI ATS)—ammonium thiosulfate—[(NH4)2S2O3 12-0-0-26S]; (3) Urease inhibitor (UI URN)—N-butyl-thiophosphorus triamide (NBPT) and N-propyl-thiophosphorus triamide (NPPT); (4) Biological preparation (BP HUM)—suspension of humic and fulvic acids; (5) Biological preparation (BP FIT)—Ascophyllum nodosum suspension. Our studies showed that the highest yield of maize grain (8.9–12.0 t ha−1) was obtained by fertilizing with N180 and using the urease inhibitor ammonium thiosulfate (ATS). ATS significantly increased corn grain yield in all backgrounds of nitrogen fertilization. The investigated urease inhibitors and biologics had a higher and more significant (p < 0.05) effect on maize grain yield when fertilized with N100 nitrogen. The increase in nitrogen fertilizer rates had an effect on maize grain yield, with the largest increase in yield being found in the increase in nitrogen rate from N100 to N140, and the increase in rate to N180 was less effective. The maximum mass of 1000 grains (323.5 g) was determined in 2019 by fertilization with N180 and use of the urease inhibitor UI URN. The urease inhibitor UI ATS was more effective when fertilized with lower rates of N100 and N140. Positive, moderate, strong and very strong, statistically significant correlations (r2 = 0.48–0.91) were most often found between the latter indicators and nitrogen fertilizer rates throughout the study year. The largest amount of grain (497 units) in the cob was determined in 2019, using fertilization with N140 and UI ATS, but no significant differences were found between the different fertilizer rates and the tested preparations. These results suggest that urease inhibitors and biologics can reduce dependence on nitrogen fertilizers and increase maize yield, a technology that should be practiced by maize growers.

Objective. To study the efficacy of pre-sowing inoculation of soybean seeds with biological preparations in different preparative forms with and without pre-treatment of seeds under different systems of protection against weeds. Methods. Field, laboratory, biochemical, mathematic-statistical and economic. Results. In the stationary field experiment, the influence of different forms of biological preparations on the soybean growth under the conditions of the Right-bank Steppe of Ukraine has been studied. It has been established that in the seed pre-treatment, Maxim XL, which determines the increase in soybean productivity compared to the preparation Scarlet is preferred, and among the inoculants, it is preferred to choose Ryzobofit both in liquid and in the peat form. It has been proved that the post-emergent herbicides contribute to the decrease of weeds in soybean culture, which results in better conditions for the growth and development of plants, an increase in the number of nodules on the roots, and increased grain yield. The use of biological preparations contributed to an increase in not only the number of nodules on soybean plant roots, but also their mass compared to control without inoculation (7.8–76.9 or 26.7–109.7 %, respectively). Under the resource-saving system of crops protection from weeds in soybeans, higher rates were obtained in variants where treater Scarlet was used for pre-sowing treatment, and under the intense one — Maxim XL. The use of biological preparations in technology has made it possible to significantly increase yields by 0.2–0.3 t/ha (or 9.2–13.8 %) under both systems of crop protection from weeds. Conclusion. On heavy loamy chornozem on the Right-bank Steppe of Ukraine, pre-sowing inocula-tion of soybean by biological preparations is a mandatory agrotechnical measure, which, in combi-nation with seed pre-treatment, allows a significant increase in yields and contributes to improving the quality of the grain when cultivating the crop using both studied systems for protection of crops from weeds.

At present, one of the main tasks is to obtain high-quality and environmentally friendly phyto-products. The interest of consumers in healthy nutrition is increasing every year. Growing plant products using organic technology is becoming widespread. Among a wide range of economic management, organic agricultural production is the only environmentally friendly method on Earth that does not inflict damage on the environment. Organic production systems are based on specific and precise requirements (standards) for the production process aimed at maintaining the optimal state of the ecosystem at the social, environmental and economic levels. The level of plant damage is controlled naturally, as well as with the help of preventive, biological and other modern scientific methods. Organic agricultural production excludes the use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides, as well as genetically modified organisms and products (substances) derived from them. The developed system for the protection of winter spelt against fungal diseases under organic production is based on biological features of mycoses, introduction of varieties with the least degree of affection by pathogens of fungal etiology, application of optimal systems of soil tilling and fertilizing, sowing time and seed application rates, as well as rational use of effective mixtures of biological preparations and plant growth regulators for seed and crop treatment. Organic protection system involves the following: complex treatment of seeds with biological preparation Agat 25-K, PA (0.04 kg/t) and plant growth regulator Biosyl (0.01 l/t) before sowing; spraying of crops at the 31st stage with a mixture of Agat 25-K, PA (0.03 kg/ha) + Biosyl (0.01 l/ha); the same treatment of crops at the 39th stage; spraying of crops with biological preparation Phytodoctor (2.0 l/ha) at the 60th stage. Under organic production, the winter spelt yield preserved due to a set of protective measures amounts to 0.58-0.67 t/ha or 29.6-33.7%. At the same time, the protein content increases by 0.83% and gluten content by 6.9%.

At present, one of the main tasks is to obtain high-quality and environmentally friendly phyto-products. The interest of consumers in healthy nutrition is increasing every year. Growing plant products using organic technology is becoming widespread. Among a wide range of economic management, organic agricultural production is the only environmentally friendly method on Earth that does not inflict damage on the environment. Organic production systems are based on specific and precise requirements (standards) for the production process aimed at maintaining the optimal state of the ecosystem at the social, environmental and economic levels. The level of plant damage is controlled naturally, as well as with the help of preventive, biological and other modern scientific methods. Organic agricultural production excludes the use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides, as well as genetically modified organisms and products (substances) derived from them. The developed system for the protection of winter spelt against fungal diseases under organic production is based on biological features of mycoses, introduction of varieties with the least degree of affection by pathogens of fungal etiology, application of optimal systems of soil tilling and fertilizing, sowing time and seed application rates, as well as rational use of effective mixtures of biological preparations and plant growth regulators for seed and crop treatment. Organic protection system involves the following: complex treatment of seeds with biological preparation Agat 25-K, PA (0.04 kg/t) and plant growth regulator Biosyl (0.01 l/t) before sowing; spraying of crops at the 31st stage with a mixture of Agat 25-K, PA (0.03 kg/ha) + Biosyl (0.01 l/ha); the same treatment of crops at the 39th stage; spraying of crops with biological preparation Phytodoctor (2.0 l/ha) at the 60th stage. Under organic production, the winter spelt yield preserved due to a set of protective measures amounts to 0.58�0.67 t/ha or 29.6�33.7%. At the same time, the protein content increases by 0.83% and gluten content by 6.9%.

The relevance of the article lies in the determination of the most optimal varieties and biopreparations that ensure high yield and profitability of growing winter barley. The purpose of the research was to determine the main indicators of the economic efficiency of the elements of the technology of growing winter barley for foliar fertilizing of plants in the main periods of vegetation with biological preparations. When conducting research, generally accepted methods were used: systematic approach and systematic analysis, field and statistical. The article provides data on the economic efficiency of the elements of winter barley cultivation technology based on the results of research conducted with four varieties of the crop in the conditions of the Educational and Scientific Practical Center of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University in 2016-2019. The impact of variety selection, foliar fertilizing with modern bacterial preparations on the main indicators of the economic efficiency of growing winter barley was analysed. It was established that the cost of the grown grain depended on and changed under the influence of the features of the variety, biological preparation and the number of fertilizing. Obtaining the maximum cost of grain ensured the cultivation of winter barley varieties Valkyrie and Oscar for carrying out foliar feeding in the phase of tillering and emergence of plants in the tube with the biological preparation Organic Balance: 26.5 and 26.3 thousand hryvnias/ha, respectively. The same varieties, in case of two-time fertilization with Azotophyt, formed the value of grain at 25 thousand UAH/ha, and in controls – 20.1 and 21.1 thousand UAH/ha, respectively. Indicators of conditional net profit and level of profitability also changed with a similar dependence. Values of the cost of growing a unit of production of winter barley had the opposite dependence. The obtained scientific research results and definitions will contribute to the cultivation of winter barley on the basis of resource conservation with the use of biological preparations to increase productivity and the main factors of economic efficiency