Evaluation of the combined effect of Arthrospira platensis biomass phycyanin concentrate and soy protein on male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet with added cholesterol

The hypoglycemic properties of polyphenolic compounds of plant origin are confirmed by the results of numerous preclinical and clinical studies. However, the biological effects of these compounds are limited by their low bioavailability. This makes it urgent to develop methods for its increasing due to new methods of entering polyphenols into the organism, for example, by extracting them from natural sources in the form of extracts and concentrating extracts on food polymer matrices for subsequent use as a functional food ingredient (FFI). The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the possible effect of consumption of the obtained FFI in the form of a food matrix - buckwheat flour enriched with bilberry polyphenols - on carbohydrate metabolism disorders induced by a high-fat diet with a high content of easily digestible carbohydrates (sucrose) and anxiety level of male C57Bl/6c mice. Material and methods. The food matrix was obtained by sorption of the bilberry fruits polyphenol extract on buckwheat flour. The total polyphenol content in the composition of food matrix was 8.9±0.7 mg-eq gallic acid/g flour. Total anthocyanin content in the composition of food matrix was 4.6±0.1 mg/g flour. The experiment was conducted for 150 days using 48 male C57Bl/6c mice (weaners). The animals were divided into 3 groups: the control group K1 (n=16, the mice received a standard semi-synthetic diet (22.5% protein, 10% fat, 58% carbohydrates as starch, 362 kcal/100 g), the control group K2 (n=14) and the experimental group G3 (n=18). Disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in animals of groups K2 and G3 were modeled by feeding an iso-nitrogenous high-fat diet with a high content of easily digestible carbohydrates (HFHC-diet: 22.5% protein, 30% fat, 18% carbohydrates in the form of starch, 20% sucrose, 493 kcal/100 g). FFI, a food matrix in the amount of 6.6 g/100 g of feed, was introduced into the diet of animals of the experimental group G3, which corresponded to the amount of polyphenols equal to 58.7 mg-eq gallic acid/100 g of feed and the content of anthocyanins 30.4 mg/100 g of feed. Once every three weeks, the level of glucose in the blood of animals was monitored. On days 60 and 114 of the experiment, animals were tested on an elevated plus maze. Animals were decapitated under light ether anesthesia at the end of experiment. The content of glycated hemoglobin was determined in the blood. Results and discussion. Animals of both groups treated with HFHC-diet consumed significantly less feed compared with animals of the control group K1 (2.91±0.05 g/day per mouse). Moreover, animals of the experimental group G3 consumed significantly more food (2.51±0.04 g/day per mouse) compared with animals of the control group K2 (2.36±0.04 g/day per mouse). In contrast, the energy consumption of animals of both groups fed HFHC-diet was significantly higher compared to the K1 group (10.5±0.2 kcal/ day per mouse). Energy consumption by animals of group G3 (12.3±0.2 kcal/day per mouse) was significantly higher compared to animals of the control group K2 (11.5±0.2 kcal/day per mouse). The data obtained indicate that the consumption of FFI in the form of polyphenols adsorbed on the food matrix can contribute to increased appetite in animals treated with the high-fat diet. The results of the Elevated Plus Maze test indicated the absence of the effect of polyphenols in the composition of the food matrix on the anxiety level of animals. Starting from day 42 until the end of the experiment, the glucose level in animals of group G3 was significantly lower than the corresponding indicator for animals of the control group K2. Conclusion. In accordance with the results obtained, further studies of the safety and clinical efficacy of including the developed FFI in the form of a food matrix with polyphenols into the composition of specialized foods for the prevention of carbohydrate metabolism disorders are advisable.

Among various food proteins, soybean proteins have the greatest traditions of application for the dietary correction and prevention of lipid metabolism disorders and related complications. Aim. In an in vivo experiment using male Wistar rats, the lipid-lowering properties of soy protein and its enzymatic hydrolysate were tested to evaluate their possible use as ingredients of specialized foods. Material and methods. Animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group G1 and 2 experimental groups G2 and G3. The total duration of the experiment was 70 days. The animals of the control group G1 were fed with high-lipid semi-synthetic diet. Animals of the experimental groups G2 and G3 received the same high-fat semi-synthetic diet, but with a 50% replacement of casein with soy protein isolate (SPI) and enzymatic hydrolyzate of SPI (EHSPI), respectively. The blood glucose was measured once per 2 weeks. At the end of the experiment on the 71st day the level of glycated hemoglobin was determined in the blood; the levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and the concentration of malon dialdehyde were determined in the serum. Results and discussion. Starting from the 6th week of the experiment and prior to its completion, the average food intake of animals from the G3 group was significantly (р<0.05) lower compared to animals of the G1 control group. The food intake of animals of group G2 was significantly (р<0.05) reduced compared with this indicator for animals of group G1, starting from the week 8 of the experiment and prior to its completion. The monitoring of the body weight gain did not reveal significant differences between all groups of animals, despite differences in the food intake. Replacing casein in the diet by 50% with SPI had a pronounced antioxidant and cholesterol-lowering effect. The total cholesterol content (1.65±0.05 mmol/l) decreased significantly (р<0.05) due to a decrease in LDL (0.90±0.03 mmol/l), and malon dialdehyde level lowered (3.7±0.5 μmol/l, р<0.05) in the serum of group G2 rats compared with animals of the control group G1 (2.01±0.13 and 1.12±0.09 mmol/l; 5.1±0.4 μmol/l, respectively). Replacing casein by 50% with EHSPI in the diet of G3 rats was unfavorable, significantly (р<0.05) increasing the level of total cholesterol (2.76±0.16 mmol/l) and cholesterol in LDL (1.66±0.12 mmol/l) in blood of these animals compared with animals of both comparison groups G1 and G2. Conclusion. A preclinical comparative study of the cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant properties of the SPI substantiates the prospect of its following clinical trials with the aim of including into the composition of specialized foods for prevention and diet therapy of the disorders of endogenous cholesterol homeostasis.

The experiment was aimed to evaluate the effect of Biofield Energy Treated/Blessed Proprietary Test Formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment/Blessing per se on different vital functional serum biomarkers to the animals on L-NAME and high fat diet (HFD)-induced cardiovascular disorders in Sprague Dawley rats. In this experiment, the functional serum biomarkers such as epinephrine/adrenaline, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin were measured using ELISA assay. A test formulation was formulated including minerals (magnesium, zinc, copper, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, vitamin B9 , vitamin B12, and vitamin D3 ), cannabidiol (CBD) isolate, Panax ginseng extract, and β-carotene. The constituents of the test formulation were divided into two parts; one portion was referred as the untreated test formulation, while the other portion and three groups of animals received Biofield Energy Healing/Blessing Treatment remotely for about 3 minutes by a renowned spiritual healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The results showed that the level of adrenaline was reduced by 29.25%, 20.33%, 31.36%, and 41.97% in the G5 (L-NAME + HFD + the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation), G6 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se to animals from day -15), G7 (L-NAME + HFD + the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15), and G8 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se plus the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15) groups, respectively as compared to the untreated test formulation group (G4). Moreover, the level of iNOS was reduced by 53.09%, 51.32%, 33.87%, 39.88%, and 40.02% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se animals plus the untreated test formulation) groups, respectively, as compared to the disease control group (G2). Additionally, the level of eNOS was increased by 83.65%, 94.93%, 71.48%, 48.64%, and 61.12% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively, as compared to the G2 group. The level of PAI-1 was decreased by 56.10%, 56.57%, 55.28%, 49.28%, and 57.84% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Besides, the level of ICAM-1 was decreased by 20.99%, 20.74%, 18.85%, and 17.89% in the G5, G6, G7, and G8 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Level of HbA1c was decreased by 28.50%, 44.07%, 25.30%, 22.70%, and 48.79% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Further, the level of insulin was decreased by 26.09%, 21.24%, 5.41%, 23.61%, and 24.59% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Overall, the data suggested significance improvement of vital functional biomarkers of the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se along with preventive measure on the animal with respect to various pathological conditions that might be beneficial various types of cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, the results showed the significant slowdown the inflammation-related cardiovascular disease progression and its symptoms in the preventive maintenance groups (viz. G6, G7, G8, and G9).

The study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the Biofield Energy Treated Proprietary Test Formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se to the animals on Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) model in Sprague Dawley rats. In this experiment, different antioxidants biomarkers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidase (LPO) and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) were analysed using ELISA assay in intestines. A test formulation was formulated including minerals (magnesium, zinc, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, vitamin E, cyanocobalamin, and cholecalciferol), Panax ginseng extract, β-carotene, and cannabidiol isolate. The constituents of the test formulation were divided into two parts; one section was defined as the untreated test formulation, while the other portion of the test formulation and three groups of animals received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely for about 3 minutes by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The level of MPO was reduced by 21.16%, 15.9%, and 11.95% in the G5 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation); G7 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15); and G8 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se plus the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15) groups, respectively as compared to the disease control (G2) group. Moreover, the level of SOD was increased by 30.34% (p≤0.001), 10.30%, and 13.62% in the G5, G6, and G8 group as compared to the untreated test formulation (G4) group. The level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) end product in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly reduced by 23.58% (p≤0.001), 17.99% (p≤0.01), and 15.62% (p≤0.001) in the G5, G6, and G7 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. The level of TNF-α was decreased by 7.81% in the G5 group as compared to the G2 group. Moreover, the level of IL-6 was decreased by 38%, 40.4%, and 15.35% in the G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G4 group. Additionally, the level of MIP-2 was reduced by 40.35%, 60.29%, 49.33%, and 42.43% in the G5, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Overall, the data suggested the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se along with preventive measure on the animal with respect to various inflammatory conditions that might be beneficial various types of systemic inflammatory disorders specially sepsis, trauma, septic shock or any types of injuries. Therefore, the results showed the significant slowdown the inflammation-related disease progression and its complications/symptoms in the preventive Biofield Energy Treatment group per se and/or Biofield Energy Treated Test formulation groups (viz. G6, G7, G8, and G9) comparatively with the disease control group.

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of the Biofield Energy Treated Proprietary Test Formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se to the animals on Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) model in Sprague Dawley rats using lungs antioxidants and cytokines. In this experiment, various antioxidants like myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) were analysed using ELISA assay in lungs. A test formulation was formulated including minerals (magnesium, zinc, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, vitamin E, cyanocobalamin, and cholecalciferol), Panax ginseng extract, β-carotene, and cannabidiol isolate. The constituents of the test formulation were divided into two parts; one section was defined as the untreated test formulation, while the other portion of the test formulation and three group of animals received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely for about 3 minutes by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The level of MPO was reduced by 45.77%, 53.36%, 47.80%, 53.89%, and 57.72% in the G5 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation); G6 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se to animals from day -15); G7 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15); G8 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se plus the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15), and G9 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se animals plus the untreated test formulation) groups, respectively as compared to the disease control (G2) group. Additionally, the level of SOD was increased by 7% in the G9 group as compared to the untreated test formulation (G4) group. The level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) end product in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly reduced by 15.46% (p≤0.05), 14.53% (p≤0.05), and 11.88% in the G5, G6, G7, and G8 groups, respectively as compared to the G4 group. The level of TNF-α was decreased by 15.05%, 42.48% (p≤0.001), 48.73% (p≤0.001), and 42.85% (p≤0.001) in the G5, G6, G7, and G8 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Moreover, the level of IL-6 was decreased by 29.44% (p≤0.001), 19%, 39.56% (p≤0.001), and 40.79% (p≤0.001) in the G5, G6, G7, and G8 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Additionally, the level of MIP-2 was reduced by 10.99%, 14.37%, 40.16%, 16.75%, and 18.41% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G4 group. Overall, the data suggested the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of the Biofield Energy. Treated test formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se along with preventive measure on the animal with respect to various inflammatory conditions that might be beneficial various types of systemic inflammatory disorders specially sepsis, trauma, septic shock or any types of injuries. Therefore, the results showed the significant slowdown the inflammation-related disease progression and its complications/symptoms in the preventive Biofield Energy Treatment group per se and/or Biofield Energy Treated Test formulation groups (viz. G6, G7, G8, and G9) comparatively with the disease control group.

Objective: To investigate the preventing effect of P-cymene on high fat diet-related colorectal cancer and its mechanism.Methods: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into G1 group (high-fat diet), G2 group (high-fat diet + DMH), G3 group (high-fat diet + P-cymene), and G4 group (high-fat diet + DMH + P-cymene).G2 and G4 groups were subcutaneously injected with dimethylhydrazine (DMH), and G3 and G4 groups were intragastrically administered with P-cymene to investigate the effects of P-cymene on tumor formation, inflammatory factors, glucose, lipid metabolism and gut microbes.Results: No tumors were formed in the high-fat diet group (G1) or the high-fat diet + P-cymone group (G3). 7 rats (70%) of the high-fat diet + DMH group (G2) developed 8 cancerous nodules, including 6 adenocarcinomas and 2 signet ring cell carcinomas; 4 rats (40%) in the high-fat diet + DMH + P-cymene group (G4) group formed 4 cancerous nodules, all of which were adenocarcinoma. There was no significant difference in the changes of glucose and lipid metabolism in each group. After the use of P-cymene, IL-1 decreased, IL-6 increased, and LEP decreased in the G4 group.The difference was statistically significant.The contents of Candida and Unclassified Bacteria in the G3 group rats were significantly lower than those in the G1 group.At the species level comparison, compared with the G2 group, the content of Clostridium XlVa in the intestinal tract of the G2 group rats was significantly increased compared to the G1 group.Conclusion: In this study, it was found that p-cymenen can prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer related to high-fat and high-calorie diet. The mechanism may be is reducing the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-1 and LEP, increasing the expression of inflammatory factors of IL-6, and promoting the growth of probiotics such as bifidobacteria, isobacteria and clostridium IV in the intestinal tract.

Excessive fat intake causes the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). Our studies have shown that soy proteins in the diet improve vascular reactivity in rats with a high-salt dietary load and renal dysfunction. We hypothesized that the introduction of soy proteins into a high-fat diet (HFD) can prevent or reduce vascular dysfunction. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis about the possible protective effect of soy protein isolate on endothelium-dependent dilation of the mesenteric arteries of male Wistar rats receiving an excess amount of fat in the diet. Material and methods. The study used 3 groups of 20 rats, weighing 220-240 g. The HFD group received a diet containing 50% fat (by calorie value) and 20% casein, HFD + Soy group received a diet containing 50% fat and 20% soy isolate SUPRO-760, the control group - a standard casein diet. After 8 weeks, the responses of mesenteric arteries precontracted with phenylephrine to acetylcholine (ACh) were studied in the absence and with the use of NO synthase (L-NAME), cyclooxygenase (indomethacin), BKCa and Kv channel (tetraethylammonium) blockers, using microphoto- and video recording of the vessel diameter in vivo. Results. Compared with the standard diet, visceral fat mass increased by 54.6% in rats fed HFD and by 25.9% in rats fed HFD + Soy (p<0.01). In the HFD + Soy group, the increase in blood pressure was less than in the HFD group (p<0.01). Consumption of HFD + Soy prevented disorders typical of HFD, reducing glycemia and insulin resistance, normalizing lipid metabolism (p<0.05). Evaluation of the functional state of the mesenteric arteries (in vivo) showed that in the HFD + Soy group the amplitude of dilation on ACh remained close to the control group, whereas in the HFD group the suppression of ACh-induced relaxation was observed (by 19.8% (p<0.01). After blockade of NO synthase by incubation with L-NAME the magnitude of vasodilation on ACh decreased (p<0.001) in the HFD group by 47.0±7.4%, in the HFD + Soy group - by 68.2±6.6% and in the control group - by 68.9±5.6%. After incubation with L-NAME, indomethacin and tetraethylammonium, the amplitude of dilation on ACh in rats of the HFD and HFD + Soy groups was 1.5 fold greater (p<0.05) than in the control. The relaxation amplitude to sodium nitroprusside did not differ between the groups. Conclusion. The introduction of soy proteins into a HFD prevents the development of impairs characteristic of MS: it reduces visceral obesity, improves the state of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and has a hypotensive effect. The protective effect of soy proteins on vascular reactivity in rats with excessive fat consumption was confirmed: the introduction of soy protein isolate into the diet leads to the prevention of endothelial dysfunction characteristic of HFD, preventing the disruption of NO-dependent vasodilation mechanisms. It is assumed that the positive effect of soy on vascular reactivity is mediated by maintaining NO synthesis by the endothelium, and may be associated with the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of both proteins and isoflavonoids contained in soy.

Background: Celastrus paniculatus is a herb used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine that has been reported to show multiple pharmacological properties. In this study, we explored the antioxidative, hypolipidaemic and hypoglycaemic potential of C. paniculatus methanolic seed extract (CPMSE) in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats.Materials and methods: Seeds of C. paniculatus were extracted in methanol using Soxhlet extraction method. A total of 36 rats were induced with STZ and HFD and treated with glibenclamide or various concentrations of CPMSE. Upon treatment, blood samples were collected and kidney and liver samples were homogenised. Serum biochemical estimation was performed using several diagnostic kits. Protein was estimated by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde level and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity.Results: CPMSE caused improvements in glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, liver function and oxidative stress parameters in a dose-dependent manner. CPMSE significantly decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin as well as increased insulin level and total protein content. There was an increase in total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) levels and reduction in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level. There was a decrease in serum levels of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). CPMSE decreased LPO and increased CAT, SOD and GST activity.Conclusion: CPMSE has hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic and antioxidant properties by reducing the oxidative stress.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, Celastrus paniculatus, antioxidant, phytochemicals, phytonutrients, streptozotocin, high-fat diet

The aim of this experiment was to assess the antioxidative potential of the Biofield Energy Treated/Blessed Proprietary Test Formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment/Blessing per se to the animals on NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) and high fat diet (HFD)-induced cardiovascular disorders in Sprague Dawley rats using various functional biomarkers. A test formulation was formulated including minerals (magnesium, zinc, copper, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, vitamin B9, vitamin B12, and vitamin D3), cannabidiol (CBD) isolate, Panax ginseng extract, and β-carotene. The test formulation’s constituents were divided into two parts; one part was denoted as the untreated, while the other part and three group of animals received Biofield Energy Healing/Blessing Treatment remotely for about 3 minutes by a renowned spiritual leader, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was elevated significantly by 198.46%, 208.73%, 191.73%, 211.75%, and 198.82% in the G5 (L-NAME + HFD + the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation), G6 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se to animals from day -15), G7 (L-NAME + HFD + the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15), G8 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se plus the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15), and G9 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se animals plus the untreated test formulation) groups, respectively than disease control group (G2). Moreover, the level of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was significantly increased by 61.94%, 118.49%, 82.96%, 141.89%, and 262.02% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Lipid peroxidase (LPO) was decreased by 14.21%, 30.98%, 38.66%, and 32.67% in the G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively than G2 group. Additionally, the level of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was decreased by 28.46%, 10.87%, 12.41%, and 13.35% in the G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively than G2. Further, the level of oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) was reduced by 65.38%, 65.11%, 71.53%, 79.26%, and 66.57% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively than G2. Besides, in heart tissues, the level of catalase (CAT) was significantly increased by 68.20%, 63.69%, 126.03%, 124.54%, and 112.23% in G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively than G2 group. Moreover, in kidney tissues, the level of CAT was significantly increased by 22.48%, 23.43%, and 10.95% in the G6, G7, and G9 groups, respectively than G2. Overall, the data suggested a significant antioxidant activity by increasing the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, and reducing the levels of LPO, MPO, and oxidized-LDL in various tissue fluids and that might be beneficial for cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, the study outcomes showed the significant slowdown the oxidative stress-related cardiovascular disease progression and its complications in the preventive treatment groups viz. G6, G7, G8, and G9.

Maternal high fat diet programming of the endocrine system

Study was aimed to evaluate effect of Biofield Treated Proprietary Formulation and Biofield Treatment per se on cardiac performance on NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) and high fat diet (HFD)-induced cardiovascular disorders in Sprague Dawley rats. Nine groups were assigned, in which four were preventive maintenance groups. The constituents of test formulation were divided into two parts; one section was defined as the untreated test formulation, while the other portion of the test formulation and three groups of animals received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely for about 3 minutes by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly (p≤0.001) decreased by 13.39%, 14.65%, 17.74%, 14.36%, and 14.69% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to disease control (G2) group. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)was significantly (p≤0.001) reduced by 25.95%, 24.41%, 30.79%, 24.67%, and 25.23% in G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively than G2. Heart rate (HR) was significantly (p≤0.05) reduced by 6.58%, 8.06%, and 6.99% in G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively than G2. Total leucocyte count (TLC) count was increased by 12.8% and 17.45% in G5 and G8 groups, respectively than G2 group. Neutrophils and lymphocytes were increased by 60.11% (G8) and 11.49% (G5), respectively than G2. Eosinophils were reduced by 11.11%, 20%, and 15% in G6, G7, and G9 groups, respectively than G2. Total cholesterol was significantly decreased by 22.64% (p≤0.05), 15.78%, 25.56% (p≤0.05), 22.56%, and 34.27% in G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively than G2. Triglyceride was significantly (p≤0.001) reduced by 34.55%, 43.29%, 55.23%, 28.57%, and 37.28% in G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively than G2. VLDL level was also significantly (p≤0.001) reduced by 80.81%, 83.61%, 86.82%, 79.19%, and 81.63% in G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 group, respectively; while LDL was reduced by 20.32% (G9) group than G2. Atherogenic index (AI) was significantly (p≤0.001) decreased by 78.36%, 83.21%, 84.68%, 74.06%, and 72.98% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively than G2. The level of uric acid (UA) was significantly (p≤0.001) decreased by 57.51%, 52.36%, 45.49%, 43.78%, and 40.77% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups respectively, as compared with the G2 group. Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminases (SGPT) was significantly (p≤0.001) decreased by 45.96%, 48.01%, 37.19%, 37.69%, and 42.93% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively than G2. Creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) level was significantly reduced by 10.19%, 21.97% (p≤0.01), 10.47%, and 16.94% in the G5, G6, G7, and G9 groups, than G2. Overall, the data suggested significance improvement of heart-related hematology, hepatic, and lipid parameters with respect to various pathological conditions that might be beneficial various types of cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, the results showed the significant slowdown the cardiovascular disease progression and its complications/symptoms in the preventive treatment groups viz. G6, G7, G8, and G9.

The effect of lipid peroxides and superoxide dismutase on systemic lupus erythematosus: A preliminary study

The effects of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) on germination, length of stem, area of leaf, fresh weight, level of lipid per oxidation, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the roots of cadmium (Cd) treated maize (Zea mays L) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) seedlings after 7 and 21 days of germination were determined in this study. The results obtained, indicate that at the end of 7 and 21 days of exposure to Cd, percentage germination of the seeds were not significantly different in both control and test soil (p&gt;0.05). Morphological parameters (area of leaf, length of stem and fresh weight) were significantly reduced by Cd after 7 and 21 days. The supplementation of the soil sample with EDTA (0.5 mM or 1.0 mM) reversed the effect of Cd on these parameters as it significantly increased length of stems, area of leaf and plant fresh weight. There was a significant decrease in root acid phosphatase, root alkaline phosphatase, super-oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity in both plant species. Both used doses of EDTA to ameliorate the above biochemical parameters. Increased level of root lipid peroxidation in Cd treated maize and cowpea seedlings was observed after 7 and 21 days of germination. Albeit, the level of lipid peroxidation in the root of Cd treated maize was significantly higher than that of cowpea, an indication that cowpea may be more tolerant than maize to Cd toxicity. The treatment of plant with, concentrations of EDTA (0.5 and 1.0 mM) failed to decrease the Cd induced, but increased the level of root lipid peroxidation. These results indicate that EDTA (0.5 mM and 1.0 mM) could be used for the treatment of Cd toxicity in plants; although, EDTA did not totally protect cowpea seedling from oxidative stress. Key words: Heavy metal, phytoremediation.

Alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases are risk factors for development of hepatocellular carcinoma, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. On the other hand, ingestion of soy-containing diets may oppose the development of certain cancers. We previously reported that replacing casein with a soy protein isolate reduced tumor promotion in the livers of mice with alcoholic liver disease after feeding a high fat ethanol liquid diet following initiation with diethylnitrosamine. Feeding soy protein isolate inhibited processes that may contribute to tumor promotion including inflammation, sphingolipid signaling, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We have extended these studies to characterize liver tumor promotion in a model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease produced by chronic feeding of high-fat liquid diets in the absence of ethanol. Mice treated with diethylnitrosamine on postnatal day 14 were fed a high-fat liquid diet made with casein or SPI as the sole protein source for 16 weeks in adulthood. Relative to mice fed normal chow, a high fat/casein diet led to increased tumor promotion, hepatocyte proliferation, steatosis, and inflammation. Replacing casein with soy protein isolate counteracted these effects. The high fat diets also resulted in a general increase in transcripts for Wnt/β-catenin pathway components, which may be an important mechanism, whereby hepatic tumorigenesis is promoted. However, soy protein isolate did not block Wnt signaling in this nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model. We conclude that replacing casein with soy protein isolate blocks development of steatosis, inflammation, and tumor promotion in diethylnitrosamine-treated mice fed high fat diets. Impact statement The impact of dietary components on cancer is a topic of great interest for both the general public and the scientific community. Liver cancer is currently the second leading form of cancer deaths worldwide. Our study has addressed the effect of the protein source on hepatic tumor promotion in a mouse model reflecting aspects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A high-fat liquid diet with casein as the protein source promotes hepatic injury and tumor promotion in diethylnitrosamine-treated mice. Replacing casein with a soy protein isolate led to a pronounced diminishment of tumor promotion and associated hepatic injury and inflammation. The study thus demonstrates that a dietary protein source can have beneficial, preventative effects on hepatic tumor promotion.

Coconut endosperm residue is an abundant and low-cost resource of dietary fiber, but the low soluble fiber content limits its functional properties and applications in the food industry. To improve the hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic properties, coconut endosperm residue fiber (CERF) was modified by superfine-grinding and mix enzymatic hydrolysis alone, or combined with acetylation or hydroxypropylation. The effects of these modifications on the structure and functional properties were studied using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, and in vitro tests. After these modifications, the microstructure of CERF became more porous, and its soluble fiber content, surface area, water adsorption, and expansion capacities were all improved (p < 0.05). Moreover, superfine-grinding and mix enzymolysis combined with acetylation treated CERF showed the highest surface hydrophobicity (48.96) and cholesterol and cholate adsorption abilities (33.72 and 42.04mg∙g‒1). Superfine-grinding-, mix enzymolysis-, and hydroxypropylation-treated CERF exhibited the highest viscosity (17.84 cP), glucose adsorption capacity (29.61µmol∙g‒1), and glucose diffusion inhibition activity (73.96%), and water-expansion ability (8.60mL∙g‒1). Additionally, superfine-grinding and mix enzymatic hydrolyzed CERF had the highest α-amylase inhibiting activity (42.76%). Therefore, superfine-grinding and mix enzymolysis alone or combined with hydroxypropylation were better choices to improve hypoglycemic properties of CERF; meanwhile, superfine-grinding and mix enzymolysis combined with acetylation can effectively improve its hypolipidemic properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study offered three composite modification methods to improve the soluble fiber content and in vitro hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic properties of coconut endosperm residue fiber. These modification methods were practicable and low-cost. Moreover, it provides good choices to improve the functional properties and applications of other dietary fibers in the food industry.