Abstract
Problem statement: Photovoltaic solar cell generate electric by receiving sun light or solar irradiance. But solar cell received heat from solar irradiance as well and this will reduced the efficiency of the solar cell. The heat trap at the solar photovoltaic panel become waste energy. Approach: The solution for this was by adding a cooling system to the photovoltaic panel. The purpose of this study was to cool the solar cell in order to increase its electrical efficiency and also to produce heat energy in the form of hot air. Hot air can be used for drying applications. A single pass PVT with rectangle tunnel absorber has been developed. The rectangle tunnel acted as an absorber and was located at the back side of a standard photovoltaic panel. The dimension of the photovoltaic panel was 120×53 cm. The size of the rectangle tunnel was 27 units of tunnel bar with the size of 1.2×2.5×120 cm (width×tall×length) and 12 units with 1.2×2.5×105.3 cm (width×tall×length). The rectangle tunnel was connected in parallel. The PVT collector has been tested using a solar simulator. Results: Electrical efficiency increased when the solar cell was cool by air flow. Solar photovoltaic thermal collector with rectangle tunnel absorber has better electrical and thermal efficiency compared to solar collector without rectangle tunnel absorber. Photovoltaic, thermal and combined photovoltaic thermal efficiency of 10.02, 54.70 and 64.72% at solar irradiance of 817.4 W m-2, mass flow rate of 0.0287 kg sec-1 at ambiant temperature of 25°C respectively has been obtained. Conclusion: The hybrid photovoltaic and thermal with rectangle tunnel as heat absorber shows higher performance compared to conventional PV/T system.
Highlights
Efficiency of solar cell will drop when the temperature of it increases
A special type of solar collectors was design to collect electric energy and thermal energy simultaneously known as Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV/T) solar collector
Solar hybrid PV/T system can generate more energy per unit area compared to system of solar panel and thermal collector separately side by side (Charalambous et al, 2007)
Summary
Efficiency of solar cell will drop when the temperature of it increases. The efficiency of the system will lose about 0.3% when cells temperature increased by 1°C (Kemmoku et al, 2004). A PV/T solar collector by combining photovoltaic panel and rectangle tunnel absorber as heat conductor was fabricate and tested in this experiment.
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