Abstract
Microalbuminuria in urine is a known indicator of renal dysfunction. It has been extensively studied in the diabetes mellitus and hypertensive patients. This study was cross-sectional, descriptive case-control, hospital based, conducted, in Shendi locality at River Nile State in Northern Sudan, from March to July 2018. It intended to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus and hypertension on renal function. Urine and venous blood samples were collected sixty (60) volunteer subjects, thirty-five (35) of them known as diabetic and hypertensive patients as case group, twenty-five (25) healthy subjects as control group. Samples were examined for urine microalbuminuria and plasma creatinine levels. Case and control groups were compared by age, gender and exercise. Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (ACR). was also assessed. The mean microalbuminuria and mean ACR were significantly higher in case group (38.304mg/dl, (6.8226) mg/mmol) compared to control group (13.020mg/dl, 2.4512) mg/mmol.), with statistically significant P. value (0.007) and (0.000) respectively. There was statistically insignificant variation of the means of plasma creatinine between case and control groups (0.88, 0.948) mg/dl with P. value of (0.285). The present study concluded that diabetes and hypertension were associated with microalbuminuria and renal dysfunction.
Highlights
The mean of Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (ACR) was higher in the case than control group (6.82, 2.45 mg/mmol), respectively so it is higher than control group with statistically strong significant P. value of (0.000)
In table [2], it was obviously demonstrated that the mean of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus was higher than in control group (47.53, 13.02 mg/dl), respectively with statistically significant P. value of (0.005) .The mean of ACR in was higher in diabetic patients than control group, (6.79, 2.45) mg/mmol respectively with statistically significant P. value of
Microalbuminuria and ACR were higher in diabetics, hypertensives and patients with both diabetes and hypertension
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of chronic hyperglycemia due to relative insulin deficiency, resistance or both Http://www.granthaalayah.com ©International Journal of Research - GRANTHAALAYAH [18]. The International Diabetes Federation estimates that the number of people with diabetes will increase globally from [366] million in 2011 to [552] million by 2030. The number of people with type 2 diabetes is increasing in every country and 80% of people with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries. The greatest number of people with diabetes are between [183] million people, around (50%) with diabetes are undiagnosed. Diabetes caused (4.6) million deaths in 2011 globally (IDF Diabetes Atlas:2011). Hypertension is even more common, rising in prevalence in the same countries, with a recent worldwide estimate of (1.39)
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