Abstract
Canine influenza virus (CIV) has the potential risk to spread in different areas and dog types. Thus, there is a growing need to develop an effective vaccine to control CIV disease. Here, we developed three vaccine candidates: 1) a recombinant pVAX1 vector expressing H3N2 CIV hemagglutinin (pVAX1-HA); 2) a live attenuated canine adenovirus type 2 expressing H3N2 CIV hemagglutinin (rCAV2-HA); and 3) an inactivated H3N2 CIV (A/canine/Guangdong/01/2006 (H3N2)). Mice received an initial intramuscular immunization that followed two booster injections at 2 and 4 weeks post-vaccination (wpv). The splenic lymphocytes were collected to assess the immune responses at 6 wpv. The protective efficacy was evaluated by challenging H3N2 CIV after vaccination (at 6 wpv). Our results demonstrated that all three vaccine candidates elicited cytokine and antibody responses in mice. The rCAV2-HA vaccine and the inactivated vaccine generated efficient protective efficacy in mice, whereas limited protection was provided by the pVAX1-HA DNA vaccine. Therefore, both the rCAV2-HA live recombinant virus and the inactivated CIV could be used as potential novel vaccines against H3N2CIV. This study provides guidance for choosing the most appropriate vaccine for the prevention and control of CIV disease.
Highlights
In 2004, canine influenza virus (CIV) was first reported in Florida (United States of America, USA) [1]
In 2015, a H3N2 CIV outbreak occurred in Chicago, and the virus rapidly spread to numerous states in the USA [4, 5]
The recombined pVAX1-HA vector was transferred into Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells for 72 h
Summary
In 2004, canine influenza virus (CIV) was first reported in Florida (United States of America, USA) [1]. CIV originated from the equine influenza virus (EIV) H3N8. H3N2 CIV of avian origin was subsequently identified in 2007 among dogs in South Korea [2] and was further traced back to 2006 when it was identified in China according to our previous study [3]. In 2015, a H3N2 CIV outbreak occurred in Chicago, and the virus rapidly spread to numerous states in the USA [4, 5]. CIV among pet dogs was reported in China according to our previous study [6]. The prevention www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget and control of CIV disease is necessary for animal health and public health concerns
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