Evaluation of predictive biomarkers for nivolumab in patients (pts) with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) from the CheckMate-025 (CM-025) trial.

Abstract

5023 Background: We previously showed that levels of CD8+ tumor infiltrating cells (TIC) expressing PD-1 but not TIM-3 and LAG-3 (CD8+ PD1+TIM3−LAG3−) were associated with response to nivolumab (nivo) in pretreated mccRCC pts (Pignon et al, 2019). Here, we sought to validate these findings in a randomized Phase III trial of nivo versus everolimus (evero) (CM-025) and explore the association of the biomarker with transcriptomic profiles. Methods: Tumor tissues from the CM-025 trial were analyzed (nivo arm: n = 116, evero arm: n = 107). Density/percentage of CD8+ PD1+TIM3−LAG3− TIC was evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF) and PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (TC) was evaluated by IHC. Linear association with outcomes was assessed using binary logistic (ORR, clinical benefit (CB) defined as CR/PR and PFS≥12 months) and Cox PH (PFS, OS) regression models (1-sided p-values shown). Bulk RNA-seq was performed in a subset of samples (n = 71) and data analyzed using ssGSEA and Gene Signature Scores (GSS). Results: In the nivo arm, density of CD8+ PD1+TIM3−LAG3− TIC (IF biomarker) was associated with ORR (OR = 1.43, p = 0.03) and CB (OR = 1.54, p = 0.02) while a trend was observed with PFS (HR = 0.87, p = 0.06). At an optimized cutoff, nivo treated pts with high IF biomarker (24/116, 20.7%) had higher ORR (45.8% vs 19.6%, p = 0.01) and CB (33.3% vs 14.1%, p = 0.03) and longer median PFS (9.6 vs 3.7 months, p = 0.03) than pts with low IF biomarker. A significant interaction between the IF biomarker and treatment was seen for both PFS and OS (2-sided p = 0.02 and 2-sided p = 0.08, respectively; significance determined as p < 0.15). By bulk RNA-seq, several inflammatory pathways (FDR q < 0.1) and inflammatory GSS (FDR q < 0.05) were enriched in the high IF biomarker group. When combined with the IF biomarker, TC PD-L1 expression (≥1%) further separated clinical outcomes (ORR, CB and PFS) in the nivo arm. In the evero arm, the IF biomarker was neither prognostic nor predictive of any clinical outcome. Conclusions: High levels of CD8+ PD1+TIM3−LAG3− TIC predicted response to nivo (but not to control evero) in mccRCC pts and were associated with activation of inflammatory response. Combination with TC PD-L1 further improved its predictive value, confirming our previous findings (Pignon et al, 2019). Further validation in the setting of first-line anti-PD-1 therapy is ongoing.